高攀龙易学研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 16:52

本文关键词： 易生生阴阳本体工夫　出处：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：高攀龙生活在政治腐败、危机四伏、激烈动荡的晚明时期。在当时的学术界,一方面程朱理学已陈腐僵化,俗儒皆将程朱理学视为“记诵词章”之学,逐渐失去了笼络士人思想的力量;另一方面,阳明心学的弊端已初现端倪,其后学崇尚玄谈,引释入儒,致使空疏支离的学风弥漫了整个学术思想界。高攀龙及其东林学派明确提出“救世”的主张,“正”学术以救政治之弊,通过对王学末流的批驳和纠偏来重建儒家的道德精神,认为学术“正”则天下大治。高攀龙治学的实学倾向恰恰也成为其易学之特色,这也是对儒者忧国忧民之传统的自觉承接。高攀龙以“性即理”取代“心即理”,建构起涵盖儒家心性本体论和道德修养工夫论的“即器即道、体用不离”的易学思想。在本体论层面,他透过“易”之生生的丰富内涵,来说明“理”之贯通、“气”之交感、“心”之体用和“性”之来源,理、气、心、性是其易学的核心概念,他以形上之性、理和形下之心、气论证天人关系,来建构其“乾一君子,君子一乾”的天人性命相贯通的易学本体论;在工夫论层面,高攀龙特拔程朱,注重“格物”、“复性”之为学方法,以格物为先,复性为主,致善为宗,修悟并重,为实现儒家道德精神的重建提供了一系列修持的工夫与途径。“易”在高攀龙的思想体系中,不仅包括了形上和形下之关系,又涵盖了践行、致用之内涵。高攀龙“以心言易”的学术主张补足了当时心学的缺失,他既强调“易之心”来说明此心“随时变易以从道”,处于不断感和变通之历程;又注重“易是一定不易之至理”,心之变通必须遵守此“不易”之理。这样就避免了“变易”无着落之弊,在一定程度上纠正了“心即理”产生的任心废学、空想本体之弊病,同时,他的易学思想充满了重践行、贵实行的为学主张,其为学之道便是要将学问落实于人伦日用。高攀龙一生不管是为官还是在野,不论是其上疏还是讲学,都奉行“易”道之内涵,重视“易”道的具体功用,时时刻刻注重“易”之践行致用。他具有实学倾向的易学思想,将义理易学推进到一个新阶段,对易学的发展作出了自己独特的贡献。
[Abstract]:Gao Panlong lived in the late Ming Dynasty, which was a period of political corruption, crisis and intense turbulence. In the academic circles at that time, on the one hand, the Neo-Confucianism of Cheng and Zhu was already stale and rigid, and the vulgar Confucianism regarded it as the study of "memorizing and reciting the Zhang of ci". On the other hand, the malpractice of Yangming's study of the mind had begun to emerge, and the latter advocated metaphysical talk and led Buddhism to Confucianism. Gao Panlong and his Donglin School clearly put forward the idea of "saving the world", "Zheng" academic to save the disadvantages of politics, and to rebuild the Confucian moral spirit by criticizing and rectifying the end of Wang's learning. It is believed that academic "justice" is the rule of the world. The practical tendency of Gao Panlong's learning is also the characteristic of his Yi study. This is also a conscious undertaking of the Confucian tradition of worrying about the country and the people. Gao Panlong replaced "the mind is the principle" with "the nature is the principle", and constructed the "that is the Tao" which covers the ontology of the Confucian mind nature and the theory of the time of moral cultivation. At the ontological level, through the rich connotation of "Yi", he explains the connection of "reason", the "feeling of Qi", the source of "body" of "heart" and the source of "nature", reason, qi, heart, etc. Sex is the core concept of his Yi study. He demonstrates the relationship between man and nature with the spirit of nature, reason and form, to construct his Yi ontology of "doing a gentleman, a gentleman doing a man", and the life of nature and man connected with each other, and at the level of time theory, Gao Panlong and Cheng Zhu paid attention to "character and object" and "renaturation" as a method of learning, taking character as the first, renaturation as the main thing, giving priority to benevolence, and paying equal attention to enlightenment. It provides a series of practices and ways for the reconstruction of Confucian moral spirit. In Gao Panlong's thought system, the Yi includes not only the relationship between the form and the form, but also the practice. The connotation of application. Gao Panlong's academic proposition of "changing from heart to speech" made up for the lack of psychology at that time. He emphasized the "change of heart" to explain that the heart "changed at any time to follow the Tao", and was in the course of constant feeling and flexibility. We also pay attention to "ease is certainly not easy to be reasonable", and the flexibility of the mind must abide by this "not easy" principle. In this way, we can avoid the disadvantage of "change" and correct, to a certain extent, the defects of "the mind that is the principle", which leads to the abandonment of learning by any mind, and the existence of the utopian Noumenon, At the same time, his thought of Yi study is full of practice and practice. The way to learn is to put knowledge into practice for daily use. Gao Panlong lived his life as an official or in opposition, regardless of whether he was a scholar or a lecturer. They all adhere to the connotation of the "Yi" Tao, attach importance to the concrete function of the "Yi" Tao, and always pay attention to the practice of "Yi". It has made its own unique contribution to the development of the Book of changes.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B248.99

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