对资本主义现代性批判的三个维度

发布时间：2018-03-03 05:23

本文选题：现代性　切入点：物化意识　出处：《复旦大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当代世界的生产劳动模式与我们所处的信息化时代息息相关,生产力发展呈现出地区不平衡、行业高度细分。各类行政制度和法律法规都催生出一批理论家为现行状况进行辩护,当然批判的声音也从未消失。哲学思想因具有对时代极强的关怀性和反思特点而得以在根本上切入时代的病症,进行思想的批判和重建工作。在这样一个生产组织高度合理化、生活环境环环相扣的社会中,人的自由,或一切关于人进行生产生活的社会现实正面对着巨大的挑战,那就是如何在资本生产逻辑支配下的社会中实现人的价值,避免沦为“专家已没有精神,纵欲者也没有了心肝”的麻木境地。本文以对资本主义现代性的批判为题,回顾了韦伯、卢卡奇、马克思三位思想家的辩护和批判理论,并通过他们各自的关键概念来分析和探索对资本主义现代性批判的出路。在结构上,第一部分的内容是“理性铁笼”的概念内涵及其背后韦伯对资本主义发展进程的论述；第二部分通过卢卡奇批判韦伯以及他向马克思主义立场的转换,构建出三位不同时代思想家得以对话和进行比较的场域,卢卡奇既是中间媒介,也是批判资本主义不可忽视的重要理论。第三部分通过回顾和分析马克思在历史唯物主义立场上对资本主义现代性进行批判的思想,在“异化劳动”的概念下审视“理性铁笼”概念的局限性,还原其在韦伯命题中难以消解的特点；通过马克思“实践的感性活动”彰显出马克思实践哲学的本体论维度。在结语部分,将理论视野放置于当代,对现在具有霸权倾向的非物质劳动进行解读,将它理解为资本主义生产逻辑下对人更隐蔽、更全面的占有,并在当代语境中探索资本主义现代性的表现和批判路径。韦伯、卢卡奇、马克思三位思想家毫无疑问对西方哲学、社会学的发展都有极大的贡献,对社会的关切让他们聚焦在资本主义生产及社会关系的一系列问题上,一方面为厘清资本主义生产和社会发展的过程提供了不同视角；另一方面启发我们在理论积累和实践经验中汲取力量。在今天,通过贯穿现代和当代社会的资本主义发展和现代性特点回顾他们的思想依然有重要意义,这是时代对哲学思想的呼唤,也是我们面对依然激烈的生产矛盾和生存困境时的有力武器。
[Abstract]:The mode of production and labor in the contemporary world is closely related to the information age in which we live, and the development of productive forces presents a regional imbalance. Various administrative systems and laws and regulations have spawned a number of theorists to defend the current situation. Of course, the voice of criticism has never disappeared. Because of its strong caring for the times and the characteristics of reflection, philosophy has been able to fundamentally cut into the disease of the times and to carry out the work of criticism and reconstruction of ideas. In such a productive organization, it is highly rationalized. In a society where the living environment is intertwined, the freedom of human beings, or all the social reality concerning the production and life of human beings, is facing a great challenge, that is, how to realize human value in a society dominated by the logic of capital production. To avoid being reduced to the numb condition of "the expert has no spirit, and the indulgent has no heart". This paper reviews the defense and critical theories of three thinkers, Weber, Lukacs and Marx, under the theme of criticizing the modernity of capitalism. And through their respective key concepts to analyze and explore the way to criticize the modernity of capitalism. In the structure, the content of the first part is the concept of "rational cage" connotation and Weber's discussion on the development of capitalism; In the second part, by criticizing Weber and his transformation to Marxism, the author constructs a field where three thinkers of different times can talk and compare. Lukacs is an intermediate medium. It is also an important theory that can not be ignored in criticizing capitalism. The third part reviews and analyzes Marx's thoughts of criticizing capitalist modernity on the standpoint of historical materialism. Under the concept of "alienated labor", this paper examines the limitation of the concept of "rational iron cage" and restores its characteristics which are difficult to resolve in Weber's proposition. Through Marx's perceptual activities of practice, the ontological dimension of Marx's practical philosophy is revealed. In the conclusion part, the theoretical field of vision is placed in the contemporary era, and the non-material labor with hegemonic tendency is interpreted. It is understood as a more covert and comprehensive possession of human beings under the production logic of capitalism, and to explore the manifestation and critical path of capitalist modernity in the contemporary context. There is no doubt that three thinkers, Weber, Lukacs, and Marx, have no doubt about Western philosophy. The development of sociology has made a great contribution to the development of society. The concern for society makes them focus on a series of issues of capitalist production and social relations. On the one hand, it provides different perspectives for clarifying the process of capitalist production and social development. On the other hand, it has inspired us to draw strength from the accumulation of theory and practical experience. Today, it is still important to review their ideas through the development and characteristics of capitalism that permeate modern and contemporary societies, This is not only the call of the times to philosophy, but also our powerful weapon in the face of the still fierce production contradiction and survival dilemma.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B08

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