盲视、赞同抑或拒绝——古典德性论与社会正义的契约论进路

发布时间：2018-03-08 04:24

本文选题：德性论　切入点：社会正义　出处：《武汉大学学报(人文科学版)》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在通达社会正义的路径选择上,苏格拉底—柏拉图和孔子儒学都坚持,要由作为个体德性的正义或仁进展到国家政治层面的社会正义或"仁道之治",这种德性论进路明显不同于契约论方案。不过,对苏格拉底而言,相对于德性主权的完善正义,基于公众契约的民主政治制度提供了不完善但可以有条件地部分接受的社会正义形式。在柏拉图那里,基于其更为完备的灵魂理论、理型论等学说的综合运用,他对契约论方案表达了一种更为激烈和彻底的批判态度,不仅因为单纯被欲望或激情控制的一般民众没有达成任何契约的实质能力,而且源于他们缺乏关于一切事物——尤其是善的理型——的真正知识以及对知识的真正追求能力。对孔子儒学来说,受制于自然与社会的连续互动、个体形象的特殊定位、对强约束法律制度的无兴趣以及周代特有的政治文化传统等哲学观念和历史条件的影响,任何政治形式的契约论思路基本上没有机会进入孔子儒学的理论视野。而追求正义或求仁过程中各有千秋的哲学立场和进路实质上体现了各自不同的深层思想动因,即"活得好"或"好好地活"。
[Abstract]:Socrates Plato and Confucius both insisted on the path to social justice. In order to move from justice as an individual virtue or benevolence to social justice or "rule of benevolence" at the political level of the state, the path of virtue theory is obviously different from that of contract theory. However, for Socrates, it is relative to the perfect justice of virtue sovereignty. The democratic political system based on public contract provides imperfect but partially accepted forms of social justice. He expressed a more vehement and thorough critique of the contract scheme, not only because the general public, who was simply controlled by desire or passion, had no substantive ability to reach any contract. And because of their lack of real knowledge of everything, especially the good reasoning, and their ability to really pursue knowledge. For Confucius Confucianism, it is constrained by the continuous interaction between nature and society, and by the special positioning of individual image. Lack of interest in the strong binding legal system, and the influence of the unique political and cultural traditions of the Zhou Dynasty on philosophy and historical conditions, Any political form of contractual thinking basically has no chance to enter the theoretical field of Confucius Confucianism. However, in the process of pursuing justice or seeking benevolence, there are different philosophical positions and approaches that reflect their different deep ideological motives. That is, "live well" or "live well".
【作者单位】：山东大学政治学博士后流动站暨哲学与社会发展学院;
【基金】：山东大学首批青年学者未来计划项目(2015WLJH004) 山东省社会科学规划一般项目(15CWHJ17) “泰山学者”工程经费
【分类号】：B502.23

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