马克思主义哲学视域下的主体间性理论及其价值

发布时间：2018-03-11 02:37

本文选题：主体　切入点：主体间性　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：哲学界对主体的关注从未停止过,相对于客观事物来说,人具有不容置疑的主体地位。在工具理性的支配和统治下,人总会不自觉地拘泥于自己狭小的空间,只认识到“自我”主体,而忽视“他人”主体。这种对“他人”主体地位的否定,就是对“自己”主体地位的否定。哲学家逐渐认识到研究主体间性的重要性,从近代末期开始,主体间性逐渐成为研究重点。主体间性是由胡塞尔、海德格尔、阿佩尔、哈贝马斯等近现代哲学家建构起来的研究人与人之间关系的重要哲学概念。马克思主义经典作家虽然没有明确提出主体间性的概念,但在其世界历史的理论、社会交往的理论中暗含着丰富的主体间性思想。深入研究马克思主义哲学视域下的主体间性思想对解析当今社会纷繁复杂的社会关系有着独特的作用。与其他西方哲学家建构的主体间性思想相比,在马克思主义哲学视域下建构的主体间性具有特殊的内涵。马克思主义哲学视域下的主体间性研究的是始终作为主体的人在实践活动的基础上,通过交往、分工等形式形成的一种社会关系。这种主体间性将主体间的关系置于实践交往和社会历史中,是在确定主客关系的基础上阐释主主关系,特别强调“主体—客体—主体”的辩证关系模式。马克思主义哲学视域下的主体间性思想既肯定“他者”作为共同主体相对于共同客体的主体地位,又指出主体间性会随社会历史的发展而不断丰富和发展。马克思主义哲学视域下的主体间性理论是对以往主体间性思想的丰富和完善。这种主体间性具有三大特性:其一历史性,只要人的主体地位不变,对主体间性的研究就不会结束,而且其内涵也会随社会形态的变化而丰富发展;其二现实性,主体间性研究的是真实的人在当时社会状态下的关系,这种关系是在现有的物质资料基础上通过生产实践形成的;其三唯物辩证性,主体间性既强调共性又强调个性,在认识到主体间存在差异的基础上强调主体与主体间地位的平等。马克思在人类社会生活的生产、分工和交换等各个层面强调人是社会的主体,强调与客体相对的多方主体在丰富多彩的互动中具有平等的主体地位。主体间性理论的发展是化解当代社会诸多弊端、处理各种复杂社会关系的需要,这种理论所倡导的待人平等、相处和谐的思想,对塑造和谐美好的人类社会生活起到至关重要的指导作用。对马哲视域下主体间性理论的研究有助于我们更深刻地意识到其他实践活动参与者的主体地位。有助于我们认识和处理好主体与主体之间、主体与客体之间的关系,并在生活实践中理解平等、友善、尊重他人的重要意义。
[Abstract]:The philosophy world has never stopped paying attention to the subject. Compared with the objective things, man has an indisputable subject status. Under the domination and rule of instrumental rationality, people always unconsciously cling to their narrow space. This negation of the subject status of "others" is the negation of the subject status of "self". Philosophers have come to realize the importance of intersubjectivity. Since the end of modern times, intersubjectivity has gradually become the focus of research. Intersubjectivity is composed of Husserl, Heidegger and Appel. Habermas and other modern philosophers have constructed an important philosophical concept to study the relationship between human beings. Although Marxist classical writers have not clearly put forward the concept of intersubjectivity, but in their theory of world history, The theory of social communication contains abundant intersubjectivity thoughts. Further study on the intersubjectivity thought under the Marxist philosophy perspective has a unique effect on the analysis of the complicated social relations in today's society, and other western countries. (2) A thorough study of the intersubjectivity in the field of Marxist philosophy plays a unique role in the analysis of the complicated social relations in today's society. Compared with the inter-subjectivity thought constructed by Fang Philosopher, The inter-subjectivity constructed from the perspective of Marxist philosophy has a special connotation. A kind of social relationship formed in the form of division of labor and other forms. This kind of inter-subjectivity puts the relationship between subjects in practice and social history, which is to explain the relationship between subject and subject on the basis of determining the relationship between subject and object. The dialectical relationship mode of "subject-object-subject" is emphasized in particular. The inter-subjectivity thought in Marxist philosophy not only affirms the "other" as the subject position of the common subject relative to the common object, It is also pointed out that intersubjectivity will continue to enrich and develop with the development of social history. The theory of intersubjectivity in Marxist philosophy is the enrichment and perfection of the thought of intersubjectivity in the past. This kind of intersubjectivity has three characteristics. Sex: one of the historical, As long as the subject status of a person remains unchanged, the study of intersubjectivity will not end, and its connotation will enrich and develop with the change of social formation; second, reality, intersubjectivity studies the relationship between real people in the social state at that time. This kind of relation is formed through the production practice on the basis of the existing material data, and its third materialist dialectics, inter-subjectivity emphasizes both generality and individuality, On the basis of recognizing the differences between subjects, Marx emphasized the equality of status between subject and subject. Marx emphasized that man is the subject of society at all levels, such as production, division of labor and exchange of human social life. It is emphasized that the multi-subject relative to the object has equal subject status in the rich and colorful interaction. The development of the theory of intersubjectivity is the need to resolve many disadvantages of contemporary society and to deal with various complicated social relations. This theory advocates the idea of treating others equally and living in harmony, The research on the theory of intersubjectivity in Ma Zhe's field of view will help us to realize more deeply the subjective status of other participants in practical activities. When we know and deal with the subject and the subject, The relationship between subject and object and the importance of equality, friendliness and respect for others in life practice.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B038

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