《德意志意识形态》视域中的现实思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 10:18

本文选题：德意志意识形态　切入点：现实　出处：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《德意志意识形态》（以下简称《形态》）是马克思恩格斯创立唯物史观的重要文本，蕴含着丰富的历史唯物主义思想，堪称马克思恩格斯早期历史唯物主义的奠基之作。在这本著作里，马克思恩格斯对当时德国存在的各种黑格尔派式的思想进行了深刻的揭露，一针见血指出这些所谓超越黑格尔的思想只不过是在搬弄黑格尔思想的某个方面对另外的体系或方面进行攻击；批判了德意志意识形态家们的伪辨证法，这些意识形态家把自己的思想吹嘘得正确无比，无所不包，但这些意识形态家们犯了一个共同的严重错误，那就是他们在继承或假以黑格尔思想的时候，并没有从它的根本基础上进行深刻的认识和反思，他们是在用形而上学批判形而上学；尽管费尔巴哈的思想有所进步，但他在讨论人类历史发展的时候却又陷入了唯心主义的“爱”的世界里了，他的唯物主义只能称作半截子唯物主义。黑格尔将历史纳入到了哲学的视域，但这实际上是概念的总体性，马克思恩格斯在深入研究的基础上提出了具体的总体性，，从实在和具体开始，从现实开始，不断在社会现实的层面上推进理论的研究，他们发现了新的世界观，即建立在辩证的历史的基础上的唯物史观。马克思恩格斯的天才的发现是哲学史上的革命，这个新的哲学体系与以往所有的思想不同的最大之处就是它完完全全建立在客观的历史的社会现实的基础上。以往的哲学思想的基础是建立在“天国”的形而上学之上，而马恩哲学却要将哲学的基础和视域从“天国”回到“人间”，这个人间就是现实的社会，亦或叫社会的现实，这不仅仅是哲学思想的现实，而且是人类整个其他领域拓展活动的现实，这是各种人的活动和人的关系糅合在一起的复杂现实。现实是历史唯物主义思想的基石，离开了现实谈马克思主义辩证法或是唯物史观，将成为形而上学的空谈伪论。现实的重要性不言而喻，可以从三个维度来窥测：其一，现实的人，这是一切自然科学和社会科学的基础；其二，现实的活动，或者叫实践，这是人类社会生存发展的宏观微观模式的呈现；其三，现实的关系，或称条件，这与实践活动密不可分，这也是客观现实视域下的重要范畴。纵观《形态》通篇，马克思恩格斯正是以现实的三个维度为抓手，开展了对德意志意识形态家们的深刻批判，并阐述了历史唯物主义的思想。闪烁着唯物史观思想的第一卷第一章《费尔巴哈》章是《形态》的主体。现实的人、现实的活动、现实的关系，这三个维度无处不是作为现实横贯其中，第二卷《真正的社会主义》也是对一系列脱离现实的思想进行深刻批判后的归宿。本文试图将《形态》这部作品中的这些现实思想做出一定分析和研究。
[Abstract]:"German ideology" (hereinafter referred to as "form") is an important text of Marx and Engels' historical materialism, which contains rich historical materialism thought. Marx and Engels laid the foundation of early historical materialism. In this work, Marx and Engels profoundly exposed the various Hegel schools of thought that existed in Germany at that time. Pointed out at one point that these so-called ideas beyond Hegel were merely an attempt to manipulate one aspect of Hegel's thought to attack another system or aspect, criticizing the false dialectics of German ideologists, These ideologists brag about their ideas to the fullest extent, but these ideologists have made a serious common mistake, that is, when they inherit or fake Hegel's ideas, They are criticizing metaphysics with metaphysics, although Feuerbach's thoughts have improved. But when he discussed the development of human history, he fell into the world of "love" of idealism, and his materialism could only be called half-child materialism. Hegel brought history into the realm of philosophy. But this is actually the totality of the concept. Marx and Engels put forward the concrete totality on the basis of in-depth research, starting from reality and concrete, starting from reality, constantly advancing theoretical research on the level of social reality. They discovered a new worldview, a historical materialism based on dialectical history. Marx and Engels' discovery of genius was a revolution in the history of philosophy. The biggest difference between this new philosophical system and all previous thoughts is that it is completely based on the social reality of objective history. However, the philosophy of Man should return the foundation and horizon of philosophy from "heaven" to "human being", which is the reality of society, or the reality of society, which is not only the reality of philosophy, but also the reality of society. And it is the reality of the expansion of human activities in the whole of other fields, which is a complex reality of all kinds of human activities and human relations. Reality is the cornerstone of historical materialism. To talk about Marxist dialectics or historical materialism without reality will become a metaphysical theory of falsehood. The importance of reality is self-evident and can be seen from three dimensions: first, real people, This is the basis of all natural and social sciences; second, the activity of reality, or practice, which is the presentation of the macro and micro model for the survival and development of human society; and third, the relationship between reality, or conditions, This is inseparable from practical activities, which is also an important category from the perspective of objective reality. Throughout the whole part of "form", Marx and Engels carried out a profound criticism of German ideologists with the three dimensions of reality as their grasp. The first chapter, "Feuerbach", is the main body of "form". These three dimensions traverse them as reality, The second volume, "Real Socialism", is also the home of a series of thoughts which are out of touch with reality. This paper attempts to analyze and study these realistic thoughts in the novel "Morphology".
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B03

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