恩格斯晚年对历史唯物主义的若干贡献及启示

发布时间：2018-03-19 05:21

本文选题：恩格斯晚年　切入点：历史唯物主义　出处：《喀什大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：恩格斯晚年时期,社会、经济、政治等形势发生了诸多变化,历史唯物主义不仅经受了来自德国党内“青年派”及资产阶级反动学者的污蔑与攻击,其理论自身也随着形势的变迁和时代的进步而呈现出一定的局限性,历史唯物主义自身的发展演变为一种现实需求。在内外因素的双重驱使下,恩格斯根据时代的新变化与他自身对形势的新判断,对历史唯物主义进行了一系列的创新与完善,为推动历史唯物主义理论体系的发展做出了重大贡献。恩格斯晚年对历史唯物主义的贡献是当时的理论斗争、实践发展以及恩格斯自身努力结合下的产物,既有对他与马克思两人早前唯物史观思想的延续,又有他自身的逻辑创新与发展,体现了他与时俱进的理论品质。然而近百年来,理论界对恩格斯晚年的历史唯物主义思想却褒贬不一、毁誉参半,甚至对恩格斯在晚年特定场合下的论述或思想断章取义并对其进行污蔑。恩格斯不可能为他去世百年后所产生的问题提供现成的答案,他对历史唯物主义的贡献毫无疑问是巨大的。恩格斯对历史唯物主义的贡献首先体现在他对反动错误思潮的反击与批驳,在批驳与廓清谬误的过程中恩格斯大大推进了历史唯物主义理论体系的发展;其次,还体现在他对唯物史观一元论的坚持与捍卫,在坚持与捍卫唯物史观一元论的过程中恩格斯有力维护了历史唯物主义的真理性与科学性;第三,还体现在他在新形势下对历史唯物主义创造性的丰富与发展,在丰富与发展历史唯物主义理论体系的过程中恩格斯保持了历史唯物主义长青的活力。因此我们要学习恩格斯的宝贵品质,“回到”历史,理解历史,研究恩格斯晚年对反动思潮的批判及其现实意义,研究恩格斯晚年对历史唯物主义体系的坚持和发展及其启发意义,进而真实地了解恩格斯对历史唯物主义贡献的本质,寻找历史唯物主义的经典语境和当代现实结合的途径,实现对历史唯物主义当代性价值的正确认识,既要捍卫马克思主义在我国意识形态领域的主导地位,还要与时俱进,根据时代形势的变化,推动当代的马克思主义即中国特色社会主义理论体系的创新和发展。本文将从晚年恩格斯对反动思潮的反击与批驳、对唯物史观一元论的坚持与捍卫、对历史唯物主义理论体系的丰富与发展三个方面出发,在梳理和借鉴历史唯物主义经典著作及国内外相关研究成果的基础上,本着实事求是的态度,采用史、论与述、评相结合的方法与思路,对恩格斯晚年历史唯物主义的贡献进行系统的归纳与研究,从而揭示出其贡献的主要内容与核心价值。本论文的创新之处就在于,本文突破了以往研究恩格斯历史唯物主义贡献的单一视角,遵循哲学辩证法的原则,辩证分析了恩格斯晚年历史唯物主义贡献的内因和外因,在此基础上按照三元逻辑结构进行归纳分析,将恩格斯晚年的历史唯物主义思想放到整个历史进程中进行审视,全面地论述了恩格斯晚年对历史唯物主义的贡献及启示。正文有三大部分:第一部分为原因部分,主要解答了“恩格斯晚年为什么要发展和完善历史唯物主义”这一问题,本部分从内因与外因两个方面论述了恩格斯晚年发展和完善历史唯物主义的原因和必要性;第二部分是本文的核心部分,主要解答了“恩格斯晚年对历史唯物主义做出了什么贡献”这一问题,本部分大量引用马克思恩格斯原著中的经典语句,从恩格斯对反动思潮的批驳、对唯物史观一元论的捍卫和对历史唯物主义理论体系的发展这三个方面阐述了恩格斯晚年对历史唯物主义所做的贡献;第三部分为启示部分,主要解答了“恩格斯晚年对历史唯物主义的贡献对当代中国有什么启示”这一问题,本部分从坚持坚持历史唯物主义基本立场,批驳历史虚无主义和把握国情和时代特征,创新历史唯物主义两个方面论述了恩格斯晚年历史唯物主义贡献对我们当今改革和发展的重大启示。对恩格斯晚年历史唯物主义的贡献进行深入探讨和研究后本文主要得出如下结论:第一,恩格斯晚年对历史唯物主义的新发展是不断变化的社会实践和理论斗争的结果,其主旨是关于历史发展进程中经济基础、上层建筑以及社会实践和社会意识等诸多因素交互作用的问题;第二,恩格斯晚年对历史唯物主义最大的贡献是他在廓清谬论的同时,结合实践丰富和发展了马克思主义意识形态理论,不仅弥补了早期历史唯物主义的不足,而且极大地丰富了历史唯物主义的内涵与外延。正是有了恩格斯晚年对历史唯物主义的贡献,历史唯物主义才得以发展为一个论述更加完整的、原理更加丰富的科学体系,因此,恩格斯晚年对历史唯物主义的发展,是捍卫,而非破坏,是贡献,而非背叛;第三,随着我国经济社会发展进入新常态以及社会形势的日趋复杂多变,我们一方面要更加坚定历史唯物主义的基本立场,保持头脑清醒,认清各类反动思潮的本质与危害,坚持是非分明,严格划清历史唯物主义与历史虚无主义的界限,同时要加强宣传思想工作,加强社会主义意识形态建设。另一方面,我们要准确把握我国的国情和时代特征,坚持以人为本,激发人民改革的主体性,坚持学习并创新“两种生产”理论,推进人口结构与经济结构协调发展,充分发挥多方合力作用,加快推进全面建成小康社会进程。
[Abstract]:Engels in his old age, the social, economic and political situation has undergone many changes, historical materialism not only withstood the slander and attack from Germany the "Youth" and reactionary bourgeois scholars, the theory itself as the situation changes and the progress of the times and show some limitations, the development of historical materialism itself the evolution of a realistic demand. In by both internal and external factors, Engels according to the changes of the times and his own situation on the new judgment of historical materialism is a series of innovation and improvement, made a significant contribution to the development of the system of historical materialism. The contribution of historical materialism Engels's theory is the practice and development of struggle at that time, Engels's own efforts with the product, both he and Marx two people earlier on historical materialism thought Continuation and logic of innovation and development of his own, he embodies the theoretical quality of keeping pace with the times. However, over the past hundred years, the theory of Engels's historical materialism is mixed, even to get both praise and blame Engels in old age, the ideological discourse or interpret out of context and carries on the slander. Engels could not provide ready-made answers for his death generated after a hundred years, his contribution to historical materialism is undoubtedly enormous. Engels's contribution to historical materialism and criticism in his first embodiment of reactionary thought wrong counterattack, Engels in the process of criticizing and clarifying the fallacy in greatly promoted the development of the theoretical system of Marxism historical materialism; secondly, it also reflected in his historical materialism monism and adhere to defend, in the process of historical materialism and monism adhere to defend Engels strong Maintain the truth and science of historical materialism; third, he is also reflected in under the new situation of the historical materialism of the rich and development, in the process of enrichment and development of historical materialism theory in historical materialism Engels keep evergreen vitality. So we should learn valuable qualities of Engels, "" back to the history, understand the history, Engels's criticism of reactionary thought and its practical significance, the research of Engels's system of historical materialism and adhere to the development and inspiration, and understanding of the true nature of the contribution of Engels's historical materialism, historical materialism and the way to find the classical context and contemporary reality, to achieve the correct understanding of the historical materialism of contemporary value, not only to defend Marx's dominant position in the ideological field of our country, but also According to the trend of the times, to promote the Marx doctrine, namely the theoretical system of socialism China characteristics of innovation and development. This paper from the back of the reactionary trend of Engels in his later years and criticism, and adhere to defend to historical materialism monism, the three aspects of theory system of historical materialism of the enrichment and development of the foundation carding and drawing lessons from classic works of historical materialism and the domestic and foreign related research results, based on the practical attitude of the history, theory and the method, and the evaluation of combining, induction and Study on the system of Engels late years of historical materialism in order to reveal the contribution, the main content of the core value and contribution. The innovation of this paper lies in the single view, breaking the previous study of Engels's historical materialism contribution of this paper, follow the principle of dialectic philosophy, debate Analysis of the internal and external causes of Engels's historical materialism contribution, on the basis of three yuan according to the logical structure of the Engels's historical materialism in the history review, discusses Engels's contribution and Revelation of historical materialism. The text consists of three parts: the first part as part of the reason, the main answer to "why Engels's development and perfection of historical materialism" this problem, discusses the reasons and necessity of development and improvement of Engels's historical materialism two aspects this part from the internal and external causes; the second part is the core part of this paper, mainly to answer "of Engels's historical materialism has made what contribution to this problem, this part of a large number of references in the original classic statement of Marx Engels, from Engel The reactionary thought, criticism, the paper expounds Engels's historical materialism on the contribution of the three aspects of historical materialism monism and defend the system of historical materialism development; the third part is the main part of enlightenment, answer to "contribution to the historical materialism of Engels's what this revelation" the problem of contemporary China, this part from adhere to adhere to the basic position of historical materialism, criticizing historical nihilism and grasp the conditions and characteristics of the times, the paper discusses the important enlightenment of Engels' s historical materialism contribution to our current reform and development of the two aspects of innovation of historical materialism to historical materialism. Engels's contribution to the in-depth discussion and after studying the main conclusions are as follows: first, the new development of historical materialism in his later years Engels is constantly changing society The practice and theory of the struggle, the theme is about the economic basis in the process of historical development, the interaction of superstructure and social practice and social awareness and other factors; second, he in the clearance fallacy at the same time, is Engels's greatest contribution to the historical materialism with practice to enrich and develop Marx's theory of ideology early, not only to make up for the lack of historical materialism, but also greatly enriched the connotation of historical materialism and extension. It is a contribution to the historical materialism of Engels' s historical materialism can be developed into a more complete discussion of the principle of more scientific system, therefore, the development of the historical materialism of Engels in his later years is to defend, rather than destroy the contribution, rather than betray; third, with China's economic and social development has entered a new normal form and society The situation is becoming increasingly complex, we should firmly the basic position of historical materialism, keep a clear mind, understand the nature and harm, all kinds of reactionary thought adhere to strict limits to draw from the historical materialism and historical nihilism, at the same time to strengthen the propaganda and ideological work, strengthen the construction of socialist ideology. On the other hand, we to accurately grasp the conditions and characteristics of the times, our country adhere to the people-oriented, people's subjectivity to stimulate reform, keep learning and innovation of "two kinds of production theory, promote the coordinated development of population and economic structure, give full play to the role of multi force, accelerate the process of building a moderately prosperous society.

【学位授予单位】：喀什大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B03

【相似文献】