孔子神化动因及其文化意义研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 00:17

本文选题：孔子　切入点：神化　出处：《华南理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：孔子于中国哲学的重要性，恰如学者所言苏格拉底于西方哲学的重要性。因此，自从儒学萌芽、发展，孔子研究就一直是中国哲学研究最重要的领域之一。从古代百家对孔子其人的分散叙述，到孔子门人及后世儒家、学者，均对孔子研究锲而不舍，现代学者在这个领域里的研究与讨论的话题涉及面也较广，但到目前为止，孔子研究中对孔子其人及其形象、地位在历史发展过程中表现出的诸多特点和变异现象，还未见有专门详细、综合的论述。其中“孔子神化”这一历史现象虽在东汉已为王充有所觉，现代哲学大家冯友兰和西方著名学者雅斯贝尔斯也都曾在各自的巨著中提出孔子神化的问题，可惜目前尚未有学者从历史和逻辑的角度对其进行深入研究。从历史、逻辑和文化的角度而言，孔子神化问题的历史动因及文化意义有三点值得注意。第一，从历史的维度来看，孔子神化的问题本身存在着一个“神”与“人”之间的理论论争；而从春秋战国至清末的2000多年，再到中华民国至现代，这期间又存在一个孔子形象在“神”与“人”之间不断发展变化的历史过程；经过不断的学术争论和历史发展，形成了一个复杂的孔子神化形象范式，它由多重人文要素组成，但通过复合传播模式在实现受众认知与接收的同时，异化为神化的认知形象，因此孔子这一神化形象范式既具有“人”的性质，但终极指向的却是“神”的意思。第二，，从逻辑的维度来看，孔子被神化的历史动因主要是三个方面的因素作用。首先是官方对孔子的“王化”和民间对孔子的“娱乐化”二者共存，它使孔子身上“神”“人”之间界限开始模糊，促使孔子的形象逐渐远离人性；其次是学术界对孔子的“圣化”和传播媒介的发展对孔子形象的“虚拟化”二者互动，弱化了孔子身上“神”与“人”之间的差异，塑造了一个逐渐靠近神性的孔子；最后，宗教对孔子的“偶像化”和古代世俗社会对孔子的“道德化”二者交融，促成了孔子“神”“人”之间本质的转化，塑造了一个走向神化的孔子。第三，再以历史和逻辑这两个维度为分析基础，进一步深入到文化的维度，可发现孔子神化对于中国文化的发展，其影响是十分广泛的，二者在历史上也始终是交互影响着的；它同时还是对现代社会的一种精神映照，是可与现代学术发展齐观的历史现象；它还在现代传播中的人物偶像化趋势、造神运动、现代学术研究的学者崇拜中继续延续着。
[Abstract]:The importance of Confucius in Chinese philosophy is just as Socrates has said about the importance of Western philosophy. Therefore, since the beginning and development of Confucianism, The study of Confucius has always been one of the most important fields in the study of Chinese philosophy. From the scattered narration of Confucius by hundreds of schools in ancient times to Confucius and later Confucianism, scholars have persevered in the study of Confucius. The research and discussion of modern scholars in this field also involve a wide range of topics, but so far, Confucius research on Confucius and its image, status in the historical development process showed many characteristics and variation phenomenon, There has not been a special detailed and comprehensive exposition, in which the historical phenomenon of "deification of Confucius" has been felt by Wang Chong in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Feng Youlan, one of the modern philosophers, and Jaspers, a famous western scholar, have also raised the question of the deification of Confucius in their respective masterpieces. Unfortunately, no scholars have studied it in depth from the angle of history and logic. From the perspective of history, logic and culture, the historical motivation and cultural significance of Confucius' deification are worth paying attention to. First, from the perspective of history, There is a theoretical dispute between "God" and "man" in the question of deification of Confucius, and from the Spring and Autumn period to the late Qing Dynasty for more than 2000 years, then to the Republic of China to modern times. During this period, there is also a historical process in which the image of Confucius develops and changes between "God" and "man". After continuous academic debate and historical development, a complex paradigm of deified image of Confucius is formed, which consists of many human elements. However, through the compound communication mode, the cognitive image of divinity is alienated into the cognitive image of the audience while realizing the cognition and receiving of the audience. Therefore, Confucius has the character of "man", but the ultimate direction is the meaning of "God". From the perspective of logic, the historical motivation of Confucius being deified is mainly influenced by three factors. Firstly, the official "Wang" of Confucius and the folk "entertainment" of Confucius coexist. It blurs the boundary between "God" and "man" in Confucius, and makes the image of Confucius away from human nature gradually, followed by the interaction between the academic circles'"sanctification" of Confucius and the "virtualization" of Confucius' image by the development of media. It weakens the difference between "God" and "man" in Confucius, and shapes a Confucius who is gradually close to the divinity. Finally, the "idolization" of religion to Confucius and the "moralization" of Confucius in ancient secular society are combined. It promotes the transformation of the essence between "God" and "man" of Confucius, and shapes a deified Confucius. Thirdly, on the basis of the two dimensions of history and logic, it goes deep into the dimension of culture. It can be found that the influence of the deification of Confucius on the development of Chinese culture is very extensive, and the two have always interacted with each other in history; at the same time, it is also a reflection of the spirit of modern society. It is a historical phenomenon which can be seen in line with the development of modern learning, and it continues in the trend of idolization of characters in modern communication, the movement of creating gods, and the worship of scholars in modern academic research.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B222.2

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