墨家鬼神观新论

发布时间：2018-03-25 21:19

本文选题：墨家　切入点：鬼神　出处：《世界宗教研究》2017年03期

【摘要】：墨家与儒家"敬鬼神而远之"的态度不同,墨家吸收了殷商重鬼神的文化传统,认为鬼神实有、鬼神具有赏善罚恶的能力。墨家的鬼神观体现了墨家对良性治理之道的追问,鬼神具有明知能力,可以赏善罚恶,鬼神是实现墨家"义政"的保障。墨家的鬼神观有一个根本的转向,由传统强调鬼神的宗教功能慢慢转变为强调鬼神的政治功能,统治者要尊天敬鬼,要善待百姓,才能得到鬼神之福、人民之亲。可以说,敬畏鬼神才能建立良善的社会秩序。同时,墨家的鬼神观也依然具有道德内涵与宗教内涵,人们要敬畏鬼神,重视祭祀。不过,墨家对鬼神观念的政治功能化解释中,鬼神本身所具有的超越性、神圣性也被政治功能化解释慢慢消解。
[Abstract]:The Mohist school is different from the Confucian school in its attitude of "respecting ghosts and gods". Mohism absorbed the cultural tradition of the Yin and Shang dynasties, and believed that ghosts and gods had the ability to appreciate good and punish evil. The Mohist view of ghosts and gods reflected the Mohist school's questioning of the way of benign governance. Ghosts and gods have the ability of knowing well, they can reward good and punish evil, and ghosts and gods are the guarantee to realize the Mohist school's "justice and politics." there is a fundamental shift in Mohist's view of ghosts and gods, which slowly changes from emphasizing the religious functions of ghosts and gods to emphasizing the political functions of ghosts and gods. The ruler should respect heaven and honor ghosts, treat the people well, so as to get the blessing of ghosts and gods and relatives of the people. It can be said that only by fearing ghosts and gods can good social order be established. At the same time, Mohism's view of ghosts and gods still has moral and religious connotations. People should respect ghosts and gods and pay more attention to sacrifice. However, in the political functional interpretation of the concept of ghosts and gods, the transcendence of ghosts and gods themselves was gradually dispelled by the explanation of political functionalization.
【作者单位】：山东省潍坊市委党校马克思主义理论教研部;中国人民大学哲学院;
【分类号】：B224

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