自由、公意与社会契约——关于卢梭和康德的一个政治哲学的比较

发布时间：2018-03-30 02:20

本文选题：卢梭　切入点：康德　出处：《哲学研究》2017年10期

【摘要】：康德将人在国家中的的权利与义务建立在所有人的理性同意基础上。因此,他的法哲学与政治哲学不依赖于意志论,不依赖于社会成员的伦理诉求,也不依赖于个体的理性自律。借助于人的理性,我们发现人们对于国家权力的服从是一种自然的义务。理性因而是自由公民之间达成的共识。在此意义上,康德的法哲学与政治哲学不是卢梭学说的简单延续,而是其光大与拓展。康德学说中不但有卢梭因素,同时蕴含着对于霍布斯与洛克学说主题的回应。
[Abstract]:Kant based his rights and obligations in the state on the rational consent of all.Therefore, his philosophy of law and politics does not depend on the volition, the ethical demands of the members of the society, or the rational self-discipline of the individual.With the help of human rationality, we find that obedience to state power is a natural obligation.Reason is thus a consensus among free citizens.In this sense, Kant's philosophy of law and politics is not a simple continuation of Rousseau's theory, but its light and expansion.There is not only Rousseau factor in Kant's theory, but also a response to Hobbes and Locke.
【作者单位】：北京大学哲学系;
【分类号】：B516.31;B565.26

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