蔡沈哲学研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 00:33

本文选题：蔡沈　切入点：数　出处：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：朱子门人众多,其中建阳蔡氏深得朱子赏识,蔡氏家族四世九儒,皆学术造诣精深。其中蔡沈作为朱熹晚年得意门生之一,对周易、堪舆之术颇有研究,同时遵循程朱理学,将易学与理学相融合。蔡沈不仅对程朱理学的发展和创新起了推动作用,也为宋学增添了光彩。蔡沈哲学思想的独特之处是将“数”这个概念融入到“理本论”的讨论范畴中,衍生出对于象数易学的发展、数与形而上的理、形而下的器关系的讨论和宇宙运化等一系列的本体层面的哲学思想。除此之外,蔡沈在认识论、心性情关系论、德与刑关系等观点上也有其自己的见解。在心性情方面,强调心的统领性作用,提出“人心至灵”、“心为身主”、“性者理之体,情者性之发动”等观点。在认识论方面,用“真知真见”和“难知难见”对“道心惟微”做了阐述,提出“敬”的功夫是学圣、致知的关键。在德刑方面,对“明德”和“谨罚”做了新的解读,将“明德”分为认识阶段和实践阶段,将“谨罚”的标准定义为“刑杀尽顺于义”。蔡沈“理数哲学”、“数理哲学”和“人心至灵”等观点在学术界引起了广泛的讨论,有相当一部分学者认为蔡沈的哲学思想有违师说。我们不可以忽视的是,蔡沈对于朱子理学、朱子心性情论、易学思想和《尚书》学这几个方面的完善和发展起着积极的作用,当前学者以朱熹理学为标准衡量蔡沈的学术成就显然有不合理之处。尤其是对于蔡沈“数”的理论和“人心至灵”观点的错误解读过于关注文本解释,没有深入探究其本质及其产生的原因。
[Abstract]:Zhu Zimen numerous, among them Jianyang Chua deeply appreciated by Zhu Zi, the fourth Chua family nine Confucianism, academic attainments are profound.Cai Shen, as one of Zhu Xi's favorite students in his later years, studied the techniques of Zhou Yi and Kanyu, followed the Neo-Confucianism of Cheng and Zhu, and merged the study of Yi and Neo-Confucianism.Cai Shen not only promoted the development and innovation of Neo-Confucianism, but also added luster to Song School.The unique point of Cai Shen's philosophical thought is to integrate the concept of "number" into the discussion category of "theory of principle", and to derive the development of the study of image and number, the theory of number and metaphysics.There are a series of philosophical thoughts at the ontology level, such as the discussion of the relation of the form and the operation of the universe.In addition, Cai Shen has his own views on epistemology, the relationship between nature and emotion, morality and punishment.In the aspect of mental disposition, it emphasizes the dominant role of the heart, and puts forward the views of "the mind is the soul", "the mind is the body's main body", "the body of the sexual person is reasonable, and the emotion is the initiation of the nature", and so on.In the aspect of epistemology, the author expounds "Taoism and minuscule" with "true knowledge" and "hard to know", and points out that "respect" is the key to learning sage and knowledge.In the aspect of morality and punishment, this paper makes a new interpretation of "Ming de" and "sincere punishment", divides "Ming de" into cognitive stage and practice stage, and defines the standard of "moral punishment" as "criminal killing is obedient to justice".Cai Shen's views on "philosophy of mathematics", "philosophy of mathematics and physics" and "people's mind to the soul" have aroused extensive discussion in academic circles, and quite a number of scholars think that Cai Shen's philosophical thought is contrary to the teacher's theory.What we cannot ignore is that Cai Shen has played a positive role in the perfection and development of Zhu Zi's Neo-Confucianism, Zhu Zi's theory of temperament, the thought of the Book of changes, and the study of the Book of Shang Shu.It is obvious that it is unreasonable for scholars to measure Cai Shen's academic achievements by Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism.In particular, the misinterpretation of Cai Shen's theory of "number" and the view of "the mind to the soul" pays too much attention to the interpretation of the text, and does not thoroughly explore its essence and the reasons for its emergence.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B244.7

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