朱熹“格物”:即物穷理还是择善工夫——王阳明、张履祥的不同解读

发布时间：2018-04-13 17:25

本文选题：朱熹 + 格物　；参考：《孔子研究》2017年04期

【摘要】：朱熹把《大学》"格物"诠释为"即物而穷其理",又认为格物所求的"理"是"合内外之理",是善的,因此,朱熹又把《大学》的"格物"与《中庸》的"择善"联系起来,讲"致知格物便是择善"。阳明将朱熹的"格物"误解为向外求物理,是"析心与理而为二",并把"格物"诠释为"格心",讲"为善去恶是格物"。明末清初理学家张履祥不赞同阳明把"格物"诠释为"格心",强调以《中庸》"择善"通《大学》"格物"之义,讲"择善即格物之谓",反对阳明"为善去恶是格物",而且还把朱熹"即物而穷其理"的"理"解读为"当然之理",不仅还原朱熹"格物"之本义,以克服阳明的误读,而且对于今天重新解读朱熹的"格物",具有重要的启示。
[Abstract]:Zhu Xi interprets "character and object" as "that is, things are poor" and holds that the "reason" sought by the case is "inside and outside" and is good. Therefore, Zhu Xi also links the "character" of "university" with the "selection of good" of "the mean"."knowledge is the choice of good."Yang Ming misinterpreted Zhu Xi's "character and object" as seeking physics from outside, and interpreted "character and object" as "lattice center", saying that "good goes to evil" is "character and material".Zhang Ruixiang, a Neo-Confucianism in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, did not agree with Yang Ming's interpretation of "character and object" as "lattice heart", emphasizing the meaning of "selecting good" and "selecting goodness" through "university".To speak of "selecting good is the name of character and thing", and to oppose Yangming "to go to evil for good is character and substance", but also to interpret "reason" of Zhu Xi's "that is, things are poor" as "principle of nature", not only to restore the original meaning of Zhu Xi's "character and object", so as to overcome the misreading of Yang Ming.Moreover, it has important enlightenment to reinterpret Zhu Xi's "character" today.
【作者单位】：厦门大学哲学系;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目“百年朱子学研究精华集成”(项目编号:12JZD007)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：B244.7

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