牟宗三“良知自我坎陷”说研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 02:28

  本文选题：牟宗三 + 良知自我坎陷　； 参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：牟宗三先生的"良知自我坎陷"说,旨在从传统心性之学开出现代民主与科学的新外王,学界对这一"非常异议可怪之论"聚讼纷纭、莫衷一是,也有相当多的基础研究。总结梳理和重新理解""良知自我坎陷"说,对推动中国哲学发展、加强中国文化建设有重要的意义。牟宗三"良知自我坎陷"说的发展历程,可分为早、中、晚三期:40年代末是"良知自我坎陷"的提出阶段,牟宗三主要在认识心的形上根源和内在构造的角度使用"自我坎陷"概念;50年代,牟宗三将"自我坎陷"概念扩展到历史文化领域,主要从文化根本精神的转折、认识主体与政治主体的开出两方面进行阐述;60年代往后,牟宗三以阳明心学融会康德哲学,建构起"一心开二门"的两层存有论体系,从存有论上深化了"良知自我坎陷"说。"良知自我坎陷"是牟宗三的两层存有论体系的内在环节,本文先厘清认识心与对象这一认识论的基本对偶性,以及良知自我坎陷的基本过程,在此基础上再展开两层存有论的,并内在于"一心开二门"的两层存有论格局中对"良知自我坎陷"说进行讨论。识心之执在"良知自我坎陷"说中有重要地位。牟宗三认为,识心,或说心觉,是一同质的等流,它的客观化之所以可能的依据是超越的统觉,统觉活动是对象化的活动,有绉起现象和了别对象两个方面。但超越的统觉活动之所以可能,是因为自我意识的先验统一性,此即心觉自身之自执自持,认识心有执性,即有我相,亦即为"形式的有"。因此,心觉有三个基本涵义:等流义、自执义(自觉义、本执义)、统觉义(觉他义),此三义相即为一,皆表示此根本执。识心之执将自身展开为不同形态的认识机能,同时虚即于物自身绉起现象,即建立起执的存有论。在牟宗三的"一心开二门"体系中,识心之执和执的存有论,为其上的知体明觉和无执的存有论所笼罩。儒家的知体明觉(道德理性),有截断众流、涵盖乾坤、随波逐浪三义,前两义可由阳明心学"心即理"、"心外无物"两个命题来表达,由此两命题,牟宗三从康德哲学的角度提出两组论证,第一组从自由意志和道德觉情入手,第二组从现象与物自身的超越区分入手,证成儒家的知体明觉(智的直觉),建立起无执的存有论。识心之执绉起现象,为执的存有论,知体明觉朗现物自身,为无执的存有论,两层之间的关系,可以"内在超越"来表达,是开决了现象界和本体界的超越的区分而为圆融相即。因此,知体明觉必即于识心之执而为知体明觉,故为"内在超越"的自由无限心,牟宗三说"人虽有限而可无限",即表示"人必即于有限而为无限"。因此,知体明觉可有两种作用:当下呈现,朗现物自身,开无执的存有论,是其经用,自我坎陷、自执其自己而为识心之执,进而绉起现象,开执的存有论,是知体明觉之权用,此即是"一心开二门"。因此,"良知自我坎陷",就是在圆融相即的知体明觉之中打开超越的区分,转出内在面的识心之执,但既在圆融相即之中,则"自我坎陷"这一执,即是不执之执也,实际上仍是内在于传统哲学的圆教义理之中的。
[Abstract]:Mr. Mou Zongsan's "conscience self negation, from traditional literature to a new country of modern democracy and science, scholars of the" very strange objection to the theory "in basic research has, unable to agree on which is right, quite a lot. Summing up and re understanding of" conscience self negation "to promote the development of philosophy, Chinese, strengthen culture construction has important significance." China Mou Zongsan's self negation of conscience "development that can be divided into early, middle, late in the three period: at the end of 40s is" conscience self negation "of stage, Mou Zongsan mainly rooted in the understanding of the shape of the heart and inner the view of constructing" self negation "concept; in 50s, Mou Zongsan will" self negation "concept is extended to the field of history and culture, mainly from the basic spirit of cultural turn, a knowing subject and political subject elaborated in two aspects; after 60s, the Yang Ming Mou Zongsan Learn mix of Kant's philosophy, construct "heart to open two" two layers of ontology from the ontology system, deepen the "conscience self negation." conscience self negation is the intrinsic link of Mou Zongsan's two layer ontology system, this article first clarify the understanding of heart and object of this epistemology the basic duality, the basic process and conscience self negation, and then start the two layers of ontology, and in the "heart to open two" two layer ontology pattern of "conscience self negation is discussed. In order to" know the heart of conscience self negation in an important position. Mou Zongsan think, know the heart, or the heart felt, is a homogeneous flow, its objective is based on the possibility of Transcendental Apperception, apperception activity is the object of activity, there are two aspects of the phenomenon of crepe and other objects. But the Transcendental Apperception activity is possible, because of self consciousness 鐨勫厛楠岀粺涓，

本文编号：1752131