荀子的政治思想研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 19:36

本文选题：荀子 + 政治思想　；参考：《中央民族大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：荀子是战国末期儒家思想的集大成者,他提出的"礼法结合"、"君主民本"等政治主张在一定程度上促进了当时战国的统一,更是自秦汉以来历朝历代在构建政治结构时的理论来源,对中国古代政治形态产生了极大的影响。本文从荀子所提出的若干重要的政治思想为出发点,从他提出的政治条例本身深度发掘其哲学思想。本论文分为以下几个部分:绪论主要阐述论题的选题意义、相关研究动态综述以及研究方法。第一章主要对荀子的生平以及其理论渊源进行阐述。荀子和孔子都为先秦儒学大家,因此在荀子的政治思想在很大程度上受到了孔子思想的影响,笔者主要是从"人性"、"为学"、"礼"三方面分析荀子受到孔学的影响。第二章着重讨论了荀子构建其政治体系的理论基础。战国以来,人们对本体论的认识还处于具有"人格"的天之中,认为人的一切日常生活是由"天"来安排的。荀子提出的"明于天人相分"无疑是对当时社会所接受的自然观的突破,且对于当时流行的"天命"来说更是一种人本的回归。当人们将盲目崇拜"人格的天"转变为理性看待"自然的天"后,荀子继而根据其理论阐明他的人性论,人性先天本质材朴,但有自然的欲望,而这种欲望如果不加以节制的话就会流于恶,这是荀子所提出的政治哲学思想的内在根基和逻辑进路,可以说人性恶与伪是荀子所提倡的政治哲学思想最基础的部分。但是人性论只是荀子政治哲学思想的内在理论,一个政治体系的形成和可行性还需要外化的条件,因此,荀子便提出"群、分"的观念,通过"群、分",他将人与动物区分开来,同时构建一个完整的社会秩序体系,这样完备的政治哲学思想就形成了。第三章是文章的重点,主要阐述荀子依据其政治思想理论所提出的若干具体政治内容。笔者首先从荀子礼法论开始对他对礼和法的本质以及二者之间的关系谈起,深究荀子隆礼重法的内在联系,其次全面阐明荀子以礼为中心,建立起关于君臣、民本以及王霸等政治思想。第四章主要写到荀子的政治哲学思想对后世的影响。在荀子的诸多学生中对当时社会产生最大影响的无疑是韩非和李斯二人,他们在离开荀子后分别以不同的官职得到秦朝的重用,因此二人对秦朝的政治制度形成起到根本作用,同时还影响了汉朝的政治制度设计走向。笔者在这章节重点阐明了其政治思想的深远影响。第五章结语是对通篇进行总体归纳和阐述,意在指出荀子政治思想的严整性和完备性。
[Abstract]:Xunzi was the master of Confucianism in the late warring States period. His political propositions such as "combination of etiquette and law" and "monarch people first" promoted the unification of the warring States period to a certain extent. It is also the theoretical source of the construction of political structure since Qin and Han dynasties, which has exerted great influence on the ancient Chinese political form. Based on some important political thoughts put forward by Xunzi, this paper explores his philosophical thoughts deeply from his own political regulations. This paper is divided into the following parts: introduction mainly describes the significance of the topic, related research trends and research methods. The first chapter mainly expounds Xunzi's life and its theoretical origin. Both Xunzi and Confucius were all scholars of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period, so Xunzi's political thought was greatly influenced by Confucius' thought. The author mainly analyzed Xunzi's influence on Confucianism from three aspects: "humanity", "learning for learning" and "rites". Chapter two focuses on the theoretical basis of Xunzi's construction of his political system. Since the warring States period, people's understanding of ontology is still in the "personality" of the sky, that all people's daily life is arranged by "heaven". Xunzi's "the separation of Heaven and Man" was undoubtedly a breakthrough in the view of nature accepted by the society at that time, and it was also a return of humanism to the popular "destiny" at that time. When people turned the blind worship of "the Heaven of Personality" into a rational view of "the Heaven of Nature", Xunzi then explained his theory of human nature according to his theory, the innate essence of human nature is simple, but he has the desire of nature. If this desire is not controlled, it will flow into evil, which is the inner foundation and logical path of Xunzi's political philosophy thought, and it can be said that human nature and falsehood are the most basic part of Xunzi's political philosophy thought. But the theory of human nature is only the internal theory of Xunzi's political philosophy, and the formation and feasibility of a political system still need external conditions. Therefore, Xunzi puts forward the idea of "group, dividing", through "group," He distinguishes man from animal and constructs a complete system of social order, so a complete political philosophy is formed. The third chapter is the focus of the article, mainly expounding some concrete political contents put forward by Xunzi according to his political thought theory. The author begins with Xunzi's theory of etiquette and law to discuss his essence of ritual and law and the relationship between them, and then expounds Xunzi's inner relation of emphasizing law, and then clarifies that Xunzi regards rites as the center and establishes the monarch and his subjects. People as well as Wang Ba and other political ideas. Chapter four mainly discusses the influence of Xunzi's political philosophy on later generations. Among Xunzi's many students, there was no doubt that Han Fei and Li Si had the greatest influence on the society at that time. After leaving Xun Zi, they were reused in different official posts in the Qin Dynasty, so they played a fundamental role in the formation of the political system of the Qin Dynasty. At the same time, it also influenced the political system design of the Han Dynasty. In this chapter, the author emphasizes the profound influence of his political thought. The conclusion of the fifth chapter is to sum up and expound the whole part with the intention of pointing out the integrity and completeness of Xunzi's political thought.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B222.6

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