论马尔库塞新感性思想中的关键词：技术

发布时间：2018-04-22 23:30

本文选题：技术理性 + 新感性　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：“技术”一词是马尔库塞新感性思想研究中的一个核心的关键词,马尔库塞的美学理论是建立在他对发达的资本主义工业社会深刻认识的基础上。他认为由科学主导的工业社会,从本质上说是一个“病态社会”,一方面发达的科学技术给现代人带来了极大的物质繁荣和物质满足,但另一方面现代社会进入了全面异化的阶段,现存社会已成为一个单向度的社会。无论是政治制度、经济制度,还是科学、日常思维、工艺、艺术,毫无例外的趋向同一种姿态,同一种声音。如何在现有状况下看待技术,使人类既能得到应有的物质需求满足,同时又能获得心灵的自由飞翔便是摆在人类面前的一个难题。在对这个文明社会的批判分析中,马尔库塞最终发现,在现存社会中,科学合理性的持续施行,最终会达到一个极点,就是对整个社会及每个个体实行压抑,同时使劳动日益机械化。然而,这个阶段同样也是科学合理性在其现存结构和方向中表现出的极限和目的。由此进一步的发展,便意味着“裂变”,也即意味着由量向质的转化。它将开启在根本需求得以满足的基础上自由时间中的存在。在这些条件下,科学构想本身将会自由地实现超功利的目的,并会自由地达到超越了控制的必须和奢侈后的“生命艺术”。也就是说,技术的现实的完善,不仅是十分必要的条件,也是超越技术现实的理论核心。这不仅意味着占支配地位的科学的进化,也意味着作为整体的科学合理性的产生,这将是一种崭新的科学概念。马尔库塞的技术批判理论是以理性和感性的裂变为切入点的,把理性、感性及其关系的思考置于当代资本主义社会现实的考察中,从而展开对发达资本主义社会工业文明、文化和科学技术的整体性批判。本文就是以新感性思想中的关键词“技术”为基点,来研究马尔库塞的技术批判理论思想。为消除技术理性的奴役,马尔库塞提出了“新感性”思想,而这一思想建构的关键在于技术的变革,基于这样的思想路线,文章主要分五个部分展开论述：第一章主要是从技术研究的选题背景、课题意义以及研究方法等出发对论文所要论述的内容和背景进行简单介绍和简要梳理,其中考察了马尔库塞感性思想中的技术问题的研究现状。第二章主要是基于在传统批判理论基础上论述马尔库塞的技术批判思想。现存社会已成为一个单向度的社会。马尔库塞分别从政治制度、经济制度、科学、日常思维以及艺术等方面揭示现存社会中技术理性控制所达到的深度和广度。第三章主要基于批判基础上的重建,系统地论述了马尔库塞的“新技术”思想。第一节主要论述了新技术在新感性思想中的定位,以寻求一种能给人类和自然带来解放的新技术,从而阐释新感性思想建构中技术所具有的的重要地位和作用；第二节主要论述了技术与艺术的亲缘关系,从本源上追溯二者的关系,从而探求实现新技术的可能性；第三节主要强调美学化的技术构想,以技术的审美还原方式,恢复技术的价值和意义向度。第四章在超越“技术理性批判”的基础上,试图寻找技术未来的发展方向。这部分主要是将辩证法扩展到技术本身,由此来论述新感性与新理性的一种辩证关系；并且拓展和推广到技术与文化与社会的关系上,探究技术与艺术、技术与社会的相互整合和重塑。结语部分,总结了马尔库塞的学术品格,并批判性地考察了其批判理论的具体贡献、限度以及对未来理论研究的启示作用。
[Abstract]:The word "technology" is a key key word in the study of Marcuse's new perceptual thought. Marcuse's aesthetic theory is based on his profound understanding of the developed capitalist industrial society. He thinks that the industrial society dominated by science is essentially a "sick society", on the one hand, the developed science and technology. It has brought great material prosperity and material satisfaction to modern people, but on the other hand modern society has entered a stage of comprehensive alienation. The existing society has become a unidirectional society. Whether it is the political system, the economic system, or the science, the daily thinking, the craft, the art, the same posture, the same voice without exception.
It is a difficult problem for mankind to see the technology in the present situation so that human beings can not only get the desired material needs, but also get the free flight of the mind. In the critical analysis of this civilized society, Marcuse finally finds out that in the existing society, the continuous implementation of scientific rationality will eventually be achieved. One pole is to repress the whole society and each individual, and to make the labor mechanized. However, this stage is also the limit and purpose of scientific rationality in its existing structure and direction. Under these conditions, the scientific concept itself will freely achieve the purpose of super utilitarianism, and will freely reach the "art of life" that transcends the need and luxury of control. In other words, the perfection of the reality of technology is not only a very necessary condition, but also a transcendence. The core of the theory of technical reality. This not only means the evolution of the dominant science, but also the emergence of the scientific rationality as a whole, which will be a new scientific concept.
Marcuse's theory of technical criticism is based on the fission of rationality and sensibility, and puts the thinking of rationality, sensibility and its relation to the reality of contemporary capitalist society, so as to launch a holistic criticism of the industrial civilization, culture and science and technology of the developed capitalist society.
This article is based on the key words "technology" in the new perceptual thought to study Marcuse's theory of technical criticism. In order to eliminate the servitude of technical rationality, Marcuse put forward the idea of "new sensibility", and the key to the construction of this thought lies in the transformation of technology, based on this ideological line, the article is divided into five parts. Unfold the discussion:
The first chapter is a brief introduction and brief introduction of the content and background of the thesis from the background of topic selection, significance and research methods of the research. The research status of the technical problems in Marcuse's perceptual thought is investigated.
The second chapter is mainly based on the traditional critical theory on the basis of Marcuse's technical criticism. The existing society has become a unidirectional society. Marcuse reveals the depth and breadth of the technical rationality control in the existing society from the aspects of political system, economic system, science, day-to-day thinking and art.
The third chapter, based on the reconstruction on the basis of criticism, systematically expounds Marcuse's thought of "new technology". The first section mainly discusses the orientation of new technology in the new perceptual thought, in order to seek a new technology that can emancipate human and nature, thus explaining the important position of technology in the construction of the new perceptual thought and the important position of the technology. The second section mainly discusses the relationship between technology and art, traces the relationship between the two, and explores the possibility of realizing the new technology. The third section mainly emphasizes the technical conception of aesthetics, and restores the value and significance of technology by the way of aesthetic reduction of technology.
The fourth chapter, on the basis of transcending the "critique of technical rationality", tries to find the direction of the future of technology. This part mainly extends the dialectics to the technology itself, and discusses the dialectical relationship between the new sensibility and the new reason, and extends and extends to the relationship between technology and culture and the society, and explores technology and technology and technology. The integration and remolding of society.
In the concluding part, it summarizes the academic character of Marcuse, and critically examines the specific contribution of his critical theory, the limitation and the inspiration to the future theoretical research.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B712.59

【参考文献】