马克思主义与中国儒学（1919-1949）

发布时间：2018-04-26 17:42

本文选题：马克思主义 + 儒学　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：由鸦片战争开始,中国闭关锁国的局面被打破,国家民族的生死存亡成为最为紧迫的问题;而此时的儒学,已不能解决民族救亡和走向现代化的社会问题,西学涌入成为时代主潮,五四运动后马克思主义传入中国,就必然面临着同中国本土文化的关系问题,而儒学作为中国传统文化的主干,对中国人的内在的深层次的影响不容忽视,马克思主义的中国化和儒学的现代化进程都需要进行深入反思;本文选择1919-1949这个特定的阶段,选取五四运动、社会性质大讨论等几个马克思主义与中国儒学互动明显的阶段着力研究,以求得出合理的结论,对此问题研究做出一些贡献。全文共分为五章:首先阐述中国社会转型的时代背景,以及马克思主义思潮与社会主义兴起的世界背景,中国近代以来,西方新文化传入中国,五四运动以后又加上马克思主义,二新对一旧:共同展开对中国传统旧文化的批判和攻击,而对中国传统文化持相对保守态度的现代儒家也进行一定程度的抗争与辩护,此部分重点考察胡适、陈独秀、李大钊以及儒学的代表梁启超、梁漱溟的相关著作和社会活动,得出三派并非绝对的对立冲突,而是互有包含。其次,三、四十年代面对抗日战争的兴起,选取马克思主义者陈独秀、毛泽东、郭沫若、陈伯达以及现代儒家马一浮、梁漱溟、熊十力、冯友兰为代表,就社会各派对中国的社会性质、中国传统文化的态度和取得的成就展开论述,通过分析其不同观点,文章认为在五四以后,中国儒学形成梁漱溟、熊十力、张君劢等儒家知识分子,以及毛泽东、郭沫若、范文澜等马克思主义知识分子两条发展脉络,通过比较得出:本文讨论的时间范围内,两条脉络既各自发展,又互相交织;有碰撞冲突,又呈现为一定程度的互相吸收和融合。最后,在此阶段考察研究的基础上,就传统儒学和马克思主义的特征以及理论上的的同和异进行比较,马克思主义与儒学既存在产生于不同民族和时代的“异”,又有时代需求和理论上的“同”,因此要实现二者更深层次的融合就需要马克思主义中国化和中国儒学现代化的深入展开。
[Abstract]:Since the Opium War, the situation of China's closeness to the outside world has been broken, and the survival or death of the nation has become the most pressing issue. At this time, Confucianism has been unable to solve the social problems of national salvation and modernization. The influx of western learning has become the main trend of the times. After the May 4th Movement, Marxism was introduced into China, and inevitably faced with the problem of relations with Chinese native culture. Confucianism, as the backbone of Chinese traditional culture, The deep influence on the Chinese people can not be ignored. Both the Sinicization of Marxism and the modernization of Confucianism need to be deeply reconsidered. This paper chooses 1919-1949 as the specific stage and the May 4th Movement. In order to get a reasonable conclusion and make some contributions to the study of this problem, several stages of the interaction between Marxism and Chinese Confucianism, such as the great discussion of the social nature, are focused on. The full text is divided into five chapters: firstly, the background of Chinese social transformation, the world background of Marxism and the rise of socialism, the western new culture has been introduced into China since modern times. After the May 4th Movement, Marxism was added to it, two new and one old: jointly criticizing and attacking Chinese traditional and old culture, while modern Confucianism, which has a relatively conservative attitude towards Chinese traditional culture, has also fought and defended to a certain extent. This part focuses on the related works and social activities of Hu Shi, Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, and the representatives of Confucianism. It is concluded that the three schools are not absolute opposites, but contain each other. Secondly, in the face of the rise of the War of Resistance against Japan in the 1930s and 1940s, the Marxists Chen Duxiu, Mao Zedong, Guo Moruo, Chen Boda and the modern Confucianists Ma Yifu, Liang Shuming, Xiong Shili and Feng Youlan were selected as the representatives. This paper discusses the social nature of Chinese society, the attitude of Chinese traditional culture and its achievements. By analyzing their different viewpoints, the article thinks that after the May 4th Movement, Chinese Confucianism formed Liang Shuming and Xiong Shili. Zhang Junmai and other Confucian intellectuals, as well as the Marxist intellectuals such as Mao Zedong, Guo Moruo, Fan Wenlan, etc., through comparison, come to the following conclusions: within the time frame discussed in this paper, the two threads are both developing and intertwining each other; There are collision conflicts, but also presents a certain degree of mutual absorption and integration. Finally, on the basis of the investigation and study at this stage, the author compares the characteristics of traditional Confucianism and Marxism, as well as the similarities and differences in theory. Marxism and Confucianism not only exist in different nationalities and times, but also exist in different times. There is also the need of the times and the theory of "the same", so to achieve a deeper integration of the two needs Marxism in China and the Chinese Confucianism modernization in depth.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B222;B27

【参考文献】