作为解释原则的马克思辩证法理论探析

发布时间：2018-05-03 12:23

本文选题：马克思 + 黑格尔　；参考：《辽宁大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：辩证法是马克思思想的重要组成部分,可以说马克思哲学的全部都离不开辩证法、实践观和唯物史观。而马克思在文本中大量使用了辩证法来分析和诠释问题,可以说马克思哲学贯穿始终的一条鲜明脉络就是辩证法。要准确把握马克思哲学没有辩证法是无法做到的。现今国内无论是把马克思的辩证法理解为一种对黑格尔辩证法“批判式改造”,如“唯物辩证法”和“历史辩证法”;还是将马克思的辩证法解读为一种“异质性越超”,如“实践辩证法”或“资本辩证法”。可以说这些思想都预设了一个基本前提:马克思发明了一种优越于黑格尔唯心主义辩证法的新型辩证法。这涉及到我们应该如何看待马克思辩证法的理论实质,即马克思的辩证法是发现或发明了一种新型辩证法,还是马克思应用了黑格尔辩证法展开了对于社会现实的批判。这里最关键的就是如何理解马克思和黑格尔辩证法之间的关系,我们是从“发明论”的立法理解马克思在思维方式的变革,还是从解释原则来考察马克思对于黑格尔辩证法的批判式继承。近代辩证法产生于德国古典哲学的母体之中,在黑格尔哲学中辩证法和本体论、认识论达到了统一,从而辩证法也作为一种超越知性思维的解释原则对后世产生了巨大的影响。要真正理解马克思的辩证法,离不开对黑格尔辩证法的追溯。本文第一部分首先剖析了黑格尔辩证法的理论来源:从康德的“理性的幻想”到费希特的主体辩证法再到谢林的主客体辩证法,最后完成于黑格尔的概念辩证法,在此基础上考察德国古典哲学辩证法和马克思辩证法之间的内在传承关系。第二部分论述了马克思辩证法思想的形成和确立过程:在马克思对黑格尔辩证法的批判基础上,通过马克思辩证法形成的文本考察,确定了马克思应用黑格尔辩证法的逻辑脉络完成对自身辩证法的设定。第三部分分析了作为解释原则的马克思辩证法:马克思辩证法解释原则的世界观和其变革方式,并阐述了马克思辩证法的解释原则的具体内容。第四部分分析了研究马克思辩证法解释维度的理论意义。
[Abstract]:Dialectics is an important part of Marx's thought. It can be said that all Marxist philosophy can not be separated from dialectics, practice and historical materialism. Marx used dialectics in the text to analyze and interpret the problem, it can be said that Marxist philosophy throughout a bright vein is dialectics. It is impossible to accurately grasp Marxist philosophy without dialectics. At present, whether Marx's dialectics is understood as a "critical transformation" of Hegel's dialectics, such as materialist dialectics and historical dialectics, or Marx's dialectics is interpreted as "heterogeneity more superfluous". Such as Dialectics of practice or Dialectics of Capital. It can be said that these ideas presuppose a basic premise: Marx invented a new dialectics superior to Hegel's idealist dialectics. This involves how we should treat the theoretical essence of Marx's dialectics, that is, whether Marx's dialectics discovered or invented a new type of dialectics, or whether Marx applied Hegel's dialectics to criticize the social reality. The most important thing here is how to understand the relationship between Marx and Hegel's dialectics. Or to examine Marx's critical inheritance of Hegel's dialectics from the principle of interpretation. Modern dialectics came into being in the matrix of German classical philosophy. In Hegel's philosophy of dialectics and ontology, epistemology has achieved unity, thus dialectics, as an explanatory principle beyond intellectual thinking, has had a great influence on later generations. In order to truly understand Marx's dialectics, the tracing of Hegel's dialectics is indispensable. The first part of this paper analyzes the theoretical sources of Hegel's dialectics: from Kant's "rational fantasy" to Fichte's subject dialectics to Schelling's subject-object dialectics, and finally to Hegel's conceptual dialectics. On this basis, the internal inheritance relationship between German classical philosophy dialectics and Marx dialectics is investigated. The second part discusses the formation and establishment process of Marx's dialectical thought: on the basis of Marx's criticism of Hegel's dialectics, through the textual investigation of Marx's dialectics formation, It is determined that Marx applied the logical context of Hegel's dialectics to complete the establishment of his own dialectics. The third part analyzes the Marxist dialectics as the principle of interpretation: the world outlook of the principle of interpretation of Marxist dialectics and its reform mode, and expounds the concrete content of the principles of interpretation of Marxist dialectics. The fourth part analyzes the theoretical significance of studying the dimension of Marxist dialectics interpretation.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B024

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