先秦法家政治正当性的理论建构

发布时间：2018-05-04 13:46

本文选题：法家 + 韩非　；参考：《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年06期

【摘要】：从子产到韩非子,先秦法家学说完成了从"救世"理论到"治世"理论的蜕变过程。"救世"之说,乃是西周以降以"礼乐刑政"为核心观念的"王道政治"的权宜补充。"治世"之说挑战王道政治观念,形成了先秦法家独具特色的政治正当性理论。法家学说从历时视域与共时视域两个层面构建其政治正当性理论。历时视域中的法家政治正当性,强调政治正当性之获得在于洞察人们最为关切的时代主题,并且通过有效的途径与手段来回应人们的关切,最终得到人们发自内心的拥戴。共时视域中的法家政治正当性,强调"以力服人"、"以利服人"与"以理服人",主张回归到政治最为坚实的初衷是为了天下百姓的利益,获得正当性的最终源泉在于获得百姓心悦诚服的拥护。法家的政治正当性理论是一套完整的"治世"理论,是独立于儒家"王道政治"并谋求长治久安的治国原理,并非儒家学说主导下只能应对"乱世"的学说,司马谈"可行于一时之际而不可长用也"的断语不足以定性法家学说。今日研究法家,应该超越历史的成见与偏见,超越法家特定历史背景下的具体学说,深入挖掘其背后蕴涵的深刻政治原理。
[Abstract]:From the birth of son to Han Feizi, the theory of Legalists in the pre-Qin Dynasty completed the transformation from the theory of "saving the world" to the theory of "governing the world". " The theory of saving the world is an expedient supplement to the "politics of king's way" in the Western Zhou Dynasty, with the concept of "courtesy and music, punishment and punishment" as the core. " The theory of governing the world challenged the political concept of Wang Dao and formed the unique political legitimacy theory of the pre-Qin legalists. Legalist theory constructs its political legitimacy theory from two aspects of diachronic and synchronic perspectives. The legalist political legitimacy in the diachronic horizon emphasizes that the acquisition of political legitimacy lies in the insight into the theme of the times that people are most concerned about and responds to people's concerns through effective ways and means. The legitimacy of Legalist politics from the synchronic perspective, emphasizing the importance of "convincing people", "benefiting people" and "persuading people with reason", advocated that the most solid intention of returning to politics was for the interests of the people of the world. The ultimate source of legitimacy is to win the people's sincere support. The theory of political legitimacy of Legalists is a complete theory of "governing the world", which is independent of the Confucian "politics of king's way" and the principle of running the country for a long time, and is not a theory that can only deal with "turbulent times" under the guidance of Confucianism. Sima's conclusion that "it is feasible at one time but cannot be used long" is not enough to characterize Legalist theory. Today's legalists should transcend the prejudices and prejudices of history, transcend the specific doctrines under the specific historical background of Legalists, and dig into the profound political principles behind them.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学国学院;
【基金】：中国人民大学科学研究基金“明德青年学者计划”项目“韩非子思想的当代价值研究”(第2期)(13XNJ012)
【分类号】：B226

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