“求同”与“存异”:明清之际儒学社会性格的转变

发布时间：2018-05-05 04:29

本文选题：明清儒学 + 道在人心　；参考：《武汉大学学报(人文科学版)》2017年03期

【摘要】：变天下无道为天下有道是传统儒家士人的最终职志,因此他们必须时时与他们的行道对象——同处于此世的社会大众保持联系。这种联系与儒学的内在逻辑和外缘环境两方面同时相关。在不同时代,这内外两方面因素是变动不居的,儒家与社会大众之间的联系也随之变动而表现为接纳大众或疏远大众两种倾向,即所谓“求同”和“存异”两种社会性格。明清之际,儒学的理论重心出现了从“道在人心”到“道在六经”的转移,同时又处在社会经济大发展和明清鼎革剧变的外缘环境中。在这两方面的共同作用下,儒学的社会性格从主动地“求同”转变成为有意识地“存异”,从主动地接纳大众调整为有意识地与大众保持距离。以往的研究通常将清代考据家埋首故纸、不问世事的姿态解释为政治压力的结果。这自有其依据。但是如果把考据家的不问世事理解为始终与一般大众的世界保持一种距离的话,那么他们的表现也许就不全是因为政治压力的“被动”姿态,而更是一种“主动”选择。
[Abstract]:It is the ultimate duty of the traditional Confucian scholars to change from the world to the world, so they must always keep in touch with the people in this world. This connection is related to both the internal logic and the external environment of Confucianism. In different times, the internal and external factors are not changing, and the relationship between Confucianism and the public changes with it, and the relationship between Confucianism and the public changes in the form of accepting or alienating the masses, that is, "seeking common ground" and "reserving differences" as two kinds of social characters. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the theoretical focus of Confucianism shifted from "Tao in the hearts" to "the Tao in the six Classics", and at the same time, it was in the environment of the great development of social economy and the drastic changes of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Under the joint action of these two aspects, the social character of Confucianism has changed from actively seeking common ground to consciously "reserving differences", from accepting the masses actively to consciously keeping distance from the masses. Previous studies have often interpreted the posturing of scholars in the Qing Dynasty as the result of political pressure. This has its own basis. But if they are understood as always keeping a distance from the world of the general public, their performance may not be entirely due to the "passive" posture of political pressure, but rather an "active" choice.
【作者单位】：四川大学历史文化学院;
【分类号】：B222

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