《淮南子》对无为概念的新定义及理论贡献

发布时间：2018-05-05 05:41

本文选题：《淮南子》 + 无为　；参考：《海南大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2017年05期

【摘要】：《淮南子》编撰者学派立场不完全一致,根据其主张的不同,可划分为老庄派、黄老派和儒家派。老庄派在吸取老子、庄子思想的基础上,认为无为就是不在条件不成熟之前贸然行动,而是顺势因循或推动事物基于天性的自主行为,突出了无为由道化成术的一面。黄老派则大力发展了战国以来君道无为的观点,认为无为就是拥有权势和智力的人(以君主为代表)不因此而肆意作为,所有作为都不是从己意出发,而是一准于客观的法则,突出了无为即克己、自律的一面。儒家派则批评了流俗关于无为即静止不动、无所作为的错误看法,认为无为就是遵循客观的物理来行事,借助各种条件来立功,突出了无为成就大有为的一面。在古代思想史上,《淮南子》首次对无为作了精确的定义,也首次对有为进行了界定,大大强化了无为从道至事、由道化术的特征,使之实践性得到拓展,为无为思想的发展作了重要的理论贡献。
[Abstract]:The writers' school of Huainan Zi is not completely consistent. According to its different opinions, it can be divided into Laozhuang school, Huang Lao school and Confucian school. On the basis of absorbing Laozi and Zhuangzi's thought, Laozhuang school thinks that inaction is not acting hastily before the condition is not mature, but the autonomous behavior of following or promoting things based on nature, which highlights the side of inaction formed by Taoism. The Huang Lao School, on the other hand, vigorously developed the view of the monarch who had done nothing since the warring States period. He believed that inaction meant that people with power and intelligence (represented by the monarch) did not act wantonly because of this, and that all their actions were not based on their own wishes, but on the principle of objectivity. It highlights the side of self-discipline and self-control in the absence of action. The Confucian school criticized the wrong view that inaction is standing still and doing nothing, thinking that inaction is to follow objective physics, to do meritorious deeds with various conditions, and to highlight the great achievements of inaction. In the history of ancient thought, Huainan Zi defined inaction for the first time, and for the first time, he also defined action, which greatly strengthened the characteristics of inaction from Taoism to things, so that its practicality was expanded. It has made an important theoretical contribution to the development of the idea of inaction.
【作者单位】：台州学院人文学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目(16BZW088)
【分类号】：B234.4

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