马克思主义信仰与宗教信仰的比较研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 19:52

本文选题：信仰 + 马克思主义信仰　；参考：《延安大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：信仰是人类社会的特有现象,它是人们对其认为体现着人类社会最高生活价值对象的坚如磐石的信赖和矢志不渝的追求。宗教信仰是人类信仰的主要形式和形态,对人类文明和社会发展起到过积极地促进作用。宗教信仰是由崇拜和认同而产生的信念,是对社会存在的一种非理性的、虚幻的反映。宗教的产生是人类对超自然现象的崇拜,而这种崇拜最终衍生出宗教信仰。然而宗教信仰并非是信仰的唯一形式,宗教会随着其产生的社会基础的消失而消亡,但信仰本身却不会退出历史舞台。马克思主义的诞生是人类信仰史上的一次伟大的飞跃,它是一种建立在科学理性之上的信仰新形态。马克思主义信仰和宗教信仰作为信仰的两种不同形式,从信仰的一般特征来看,二者具有许多相似之处:一是二者作为人类精神生活的重要形式都特别关注解决精神层面的问题;二是二者都有浓厚的人文情怀,都将“终极关怀”蕴含在内;三是在实践层面都对人们的行为有比较高的道德要求。西方资本主义世界里将马克思主义信仰和宗教信仰划等号进而把马克思主义视作一种“新宗教”,这种做法不仅是轻率的和别有用心的,这也是因为他们没有看到这两种信仰的本质区别。首先,二者的产生社会背景和价值目标不同。宗教信仰产生于人类文明的萌芽时期,而马克思主义信仰则是现代工业文明下的产物;宗教信仰专注于个体的救赎与自救,而马克思主义则是要实现“每个人”和“所有人”的自由而全面发展。其次,二者的社会功能及其作用不同。马克思主义信仰要变革社会,有鲜明的政治诉求,宗教信仰则是为现实政治的合理性进行论证;马克思主义信仰以阶级利益为纽带,能够实现全世界无产者的联合,宗教信仰由于信仰上的差异与对立,社会整合功能不强。再次,二者对人的发展的影响不同。宗教信仰以相信为基础,造成人的顺从意识,马克思主义信仰以理性为前提,能够培养人的批判精神;宗教信仰轻视科学,不利于人的科学精神和人文精神的建构,而马克思主义信仰本身即是科学,能够锻炼人科学思维能力;宗教信仰注重心性修为,而马克思主义信仰注重实践创造。在改革开放新的历史时期,我们要回顾近代中国传统信仰的崩塌与马克思主义信仰建立的历史过程,总结共产主义运动史上个人崇拜给马克思主义信仰带来的教训,全面审视当前中国社会的信仰危机,继续坚定马克思主义信仰和共产主义的远大理想,坚持宗教信仰自由的基本国策,为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦助力。
[Abstract]:Belief is a unique phenomenon in human society. It is the firm trust and unswerving pursuit of people's belief that it embodies the highest life value object of human society. Religious belief is the main form and form of human belief, which has played an active role in promoting human civilization and social development. Religious belief is a kind of irrational and illusory reflection of social existence. The emergence of religion is the worship of supernatural phenomena, which eventually derives from religious belief. However, religious belief is not the only form of belief, religion will disappear with the disappearance of its social foundation, but faith itself will not withdraw from the stage of history. The birth of Marxism is a great leap in the history of human belief, and it is a new form of belief based on scientific rationality. As two different forms of belief, Marxist belief and religious belief, from the general characteristics of belief, There are many similarities between them: one is that both of them, as important forms of human spiritual life, pay special attention to solving spiritual problems, the other is that both have strong humanistic feelings, which both contain "ultimate concern". Third, in practice, there are higher moral requirements for people's behavior. In the western capitalist world, it is not only rash and ulterior motives to equate the belief of Marxism with religious belief and then regard Marxism as a kind of "new religion". This is also because they do not see the essential difference between the two beliefs. First of all, the social background and value goal of the two are different. Religious belief originated in the budding period of human civilization, while Marxist belief was the product of modern industrial civilization, and religious belief focused on individual salvation and self-salvation. Marxism, on the other hand, aims to realize the free and comprehensive development of "everyone" and "everyone". Secondly, the social function and function of the two are different. The Marxist belief should change the society, has the distinct political appeal, the religious belief is carries on the demonstration for the realistic politics rationality, the Marxism belief takes the class benefit as the link, can realize the world proletarian union, Because of the difference and opposition in belief, the function of social integration is not strong. Thirdly, the influence of the two on human development is different. Religious belief is based on belief, which causes man's submissive consciousness, Marxism belief takes reason as the premise, and can cultivate man's critical spirit, while religious belief belittles science, which is not conducive to the construction of man's scientific spirit and humanistic spirit. The belief of Marxism itself is science, it can train people's ability of scientific thinking, religious belief pays attention to mind and nature, and Marxism pays attention to practical creation. In the new historical period of reform and opening up, we should review the historical process of the collapse of traditional beliefs in modern China and the establishment of Marxist beliefs, and sum up the lessons that personality cult has brought to the belief in Marxism in the history of the communist movement. In order to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we should comprehensively examine the belief crisis in the current Chinese society, continue to strengthen the Marxist belief and the lofty ideal of communism, and adhere to the basic national policy of freedom of religious belief, so as to help Chinese Dream to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
【学位授予单位】：延安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B0-0;B920

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