青年马克思对费希特哲学的扬弃

发布时间：2018-05-06 02:06

本文选题：青年马克思 + 费希特　；参考：《南昌大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：学界对马克思与康德、黑格尔之间思想关系的研究已经取得了十分丰硕的成果,但对马克思与费希特之间思想关系的研究还比较少。而这与费希特对近代德国所产生的重要影响和在马克思青年时期所产生的重要作用是不相符的。青年马克思与费希特的思想存在着密切的关联性。康德哲学对费希特的哲学体系形成起着决定作用,费希特哲学体系的基本内容主要包括理论哲学和实践哲学两个部分。学生时期的马克思深受费希特思想的影响,如马克思坚持以道德来看待宗教,受费希特和德国早期浪漫主义影响创作浪漫主义诗歌。此外,马克思还借助费希特的先验方法,试图构建法哲学体系,并批判地继承了费希特的自我意识哲学。青年马克思批判继承了费希特的哲学观和哲学方法论,将其运用于对宗教领域和政治领域的批判,从而实现了对费希特宗教哲学和政治哲学的扬弃,同时批判地吸收了费希特的实践概念,从而构建了自己的实践唯物主义。论文以费希特哲学体系的发展演进为线索,阐述了费希特哲学体系的形成过程及其基本内容。从青年马克思的思想历程入手,对马克思著作中直接提到费希特的文章进行考察,分析费希特与青年马克思关联,一是马克思自己曾深入地学习过费希特的哲学思想,并且依照费希特的先验方法构造自己的法哲学体系;二是费希特的哲学思想通过青年黑格尔派对马克思产生了重要影响。随着马克思与青年黑格尔派的决裂,马克思与青年黑格尔派和费希特哲学划清了界限,并且与一切旧哲学实现了清算,在哲学观、方法论、宗教哲学、政治哲学以及实践的概念上实现了超越,使得青年马克思的思想得到了升华。青年马克思与费希特之间的思想关系研究是一个常议常新的话题,一方面,有助于厘清马克思思想与德国古典哲学的关系,深入对马克思思想来源问题的研究,对我们完整把握马克思思想的形成与转变历程和深刻认识唯物史观和科学社会主义具有十分重要的理论意义;另一方面,马克思对社会现实的关心以及寻找解决问题的方法对于我们认识和解决在现代社会中所遇到的各种问题具有十分重要的实践意义。可以说,马克思仍是我们的同时代人。
[Abstract]:The academic research on the ideological relationship between Marx and Kant and Hegel has made a lot of achievements, but the study of the ideological relationship between Marx and Fichte is still relatively few. This is inconsistent with Fichte's important influence on modern Germany and his important role in Marx's youth. The thought of young Marx and Fichte is closely related. Kant's philosophy plays a decisive role in the formation of Fichte's philosophy system. Fichte's philosophy system mainly includes two parts: theoretical philosophy and practical philosophy. As a student, Marx was deeply influenced by Fichte's thoughts, such as Marx's adherence to regard religion with morality, and his creation of romantic poems influenced by Fichte and early German romanticism. In addition, Marx tried to construct the philosophy of law by means of Fichte's transcendental method, and critically inherited Fichte's philosophy of self-consciousness. Young Marx critically inherited Fichte's philosophy and methodology and applied it to the criticism of religious and political fields, thus realizing the sublation of Fichte's religious and political philosophy. At the same time, it critically absorbs Fichte's concept of practice and constructs his own practical materialism. Based on the development and evolution of Fichte's philosophy system, this paper expounds the forming process and basic contents of Fichte's philosophy system. Starting with the ideological course of young Marx, this paper makes an investigation of the articles directly mentioned by Fichte in Marx's works, and analyzes the connection between Fichte and young Marx. One is that Marx himself has studied Fichte's philosophy in depth. Moreover, according to Fichte's transcendental method, the author constructs his own legal philosophy system, and secondly, Fichte's philosophy thought exerts an important influence through the youth Hegel party Marx. With the break between Marx and the Young Hegel School, Marx drew a clear line with the Young Hegel School and Fichte's philosophy, and realized the liquidation with all the old philosophy, in philosophy, methodology, religious philosophy, The concept of political philosophy and practice transcends, which sublimates the thought of young Marx. The study of the ideological relationship between young Marx and Fichte is a frequently new topic. On the one hand, it is helpful to clarify the relationship between Marx's thought and German classical philosophy, and to further study the source of Marx's thought. It is of great theoretical significance for us to have a complete grasp of the course of formation and transformation of Marx's thought and a profound understanding of historical materialism and scientific socialism; on the other hand, Marx's concern for the social reality and the way to solve the problems are of great practical significance for us to understand and solve the various problems encountered in the modern society. It can be said that Marx is still our contemporaries.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B516.33

【参考文献】