庄子人性思想研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 04:39

本文选题：庄子 + 性　；参考：《西北大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：人性思想在中国哲学中占有重要的地位,而庄子哲学更是一种以人为本的哲学,他关注人本身的存在,即人在自然中的存在以及人在社会中的存在,主要致力于解决人的生存过程中产生的问题。因此,庄子需要深刻的理解人的本性,理解社会的本性,理解世界的本性,从人、社会和世界三者之间的存在关系中获取人自身的定位。庄子继承和发扬了老子的思想。在庄子的哲学世界里,道是宇宙万物的存在的根据,一切事物均为道所生。人作为大自然的一份子,也不能脱离道的规定。道赋予人形体和精神,人得到生命的过程成为德,德者,得也。待到人具有形体精神后,德便表现为人自身的规定性,所谓“仪则”,即是性。人性从身体和精神两个方面规定人的存在,而精神又表现为人的心灵的情感和认识。由于人的存在无时无刻不在与自身之外的世界以及他人进行交往,人性通常会受到外界事物的诱导而迷失自我,从而对自身的身心造成伤害。所以,人若能在生活中修养本性,则能复归于道德。庄子的人性论便建立在道德的基础上,提出了返璞归真的人性修养理论。因此,庄子提出齐物的思想来改变人们对世界和自身的认识,以一个全新的认识角度破除了人心认识的局限性,使人的精神达到逍遥自由的解放状态。这是人在世间最合适的存在方式。本文第一部分通过对《庄子》一书文本的研究,讨论庄子所说人性的含义、由来以及人性和人自身的关系问题。第二部分讨论庄子所说人性的内容,也就是人性的表现形式,主要是人的精神方面,包括心、情、知等。第三部分探讨人性与天道的关系,主要说明人性是通达人与天的唯一路径,人只有认识、理解天道,才能达到人、人性、道三者的和谐一致。
[Abstract]:The thought of human nature plays an important role in Chinese philosophy, and Zhuangzi's philosophy is a kind of people-oriented philosophy. He pays close attention to the existence of man itself, that is, the existence of man in nature and the existence of man in society. It is mainly devoted to solving the problems arising from the process of human existence. Therefore, Zhuangzi needs to deeply understand human nature, understand the nature of society, understand the nature of the world, and obtain the position of human from the existence relationship among human, society and the world. Zhuangzi inherited and carried forward Laozi's thought. In Zhuangzi's philosophical world, Tao is the basis for the existence of all things in the universe, and all things are born of Tao. Man, as a part of nature, cannot depart from the rules of Tao. Tao endows people with form and spirit, and the process of obtaining life becomes virtue. When a person has the spirit of form, virtue is his own stipulation, the so-called "principle", that is, sex. Human nature prescribes the existence of human from both physical and mental aspects, and the spirit is the emotion and cognition of human mind. Because human beings always communicate with the world outside of themselves and others, human nature is often induced by the external things and lose themselves, thus causing harm to their own body and mind. Therefore, if one can cultivate one's nature in life, one can return to morality. Zhuangzi's theory of human nature is based on morality and puts forward the theory of human nature cultivation. Therefore, Zhuangzi put forward the idea of "Qi thing" to change people's understanding of the world and themselves, break down the limitation of people's cognition with a new understanding angle, and make the human spirit achieve the state of liberation. This is the most suitable way to exist in the world. The first part of this paper discusses the meaning of human nature, its origin and the relationship between human nature and human beings through the study of the text of Zhuangzi. The second part discusses the content of human nature, that is, the expression of human nature, mainly human spirit, including the heart, feelings, knowledge and so on. The third part discusses the relationship between human nature and the Tao of Heaven, mainly explains that human nature is the only way to understand man and nature, and only when people know and understand the Tao of heaven can they achieve the harmony among human, human nature and Tao.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B223;B038

【参考文献】