“天命”的寻证与“人道”的坚守:孔子天命观新解——兼论孔子思想体系的内在结构

发布时间：2018-05-12 19:45

本文选题：孔子 + 天命观　；参考：《文史哲》2017年06期

【摘要】：在孔子那里,天命是在历史中展开的人类固有的超越性向每一个自觉的道德个体提出的必然性要求,是需要通过艰苦的道德努力去显明和认证的东西:天命以其幽深的辉光照亮人之"道",最终在人的行为和成就中实现自己;人通过德行的累积去接近和显明天命,在为天命所照亮的族类的永恒里获得不朽。天命出现在行道者走出一己之私的局限而面对人类整体和伟大传统的庄严时刻。天命的寻证过程,就是人道的坚守与开拓过程。看起来仍然拖着原始迷信尾巴的孔子天命观带有与时俱进的革命性因素,它照亮了人性的幽暗和文化的永恒,为人类礼仪性整体存在赋予了一种神圣的庄严感,使儒家君子在道德自立的根基上直接面对天下,拥有了一种面向族类全体的视野和情怀——它昭示的是新生的知识分子群体对自己道德能力和人类崇高价值的信念,是行道君子之人格力量和历史使命的自我确认。天命观将孔子在不同层面的思考统合在一起,使之有了一个超越的指向和归系的极点,从而有了立体展开的潜在空间和逻辑可能性。正是有了孔子的"下学上达",才有了思孟派人性、物性与天道的贯通,也才有了宋以后延续近千年的理学传统。
[Abstract]:In Confucius' view, destiny is the inevitable requirement of the inherent transcendence of human beings in history to every conscious moral individual. It is something that needs to be revealed and authenticated through strenuous moral efforts: destiny illuminates the Tao with its deep glow, and finally realizes itself in man's actions and achievements; man approaches and shows his destiny through the accumulation of virtue. Immortality in the eternal of a race illuminated by the destiny. Destiny appears in the solemn moment when the doer walks out of his own personal limitations and faces the whole of mankind and the great tradition. The process of seeking evidence from heaven is the process of upholding and developing humanity. It seems that Confucius' view of destiny, which still drags the tail of primitive superstition, has the revolutionary factor of keeping pace with the times. It illuminates the darkness of human nature and the eternity of culture, and gives a sacred and solemn feeling to the whole existence of human propriety. It makes the Confucian gentleman face the world directly on the basis of moral independence and has a kind of vision and feelings oriented to the whole of the clan. What it reveals is the faith of the new intellectual group in their moral ability and in the lofty values of mankind. It is the self-confirmation of the personality strength and historical mission of the gentleman of Taoism. The view of destiny combines Confucius' thinking on different levels and makes it have a transcendental direction and a pole of ascription, thus has the potential space and logical possibility of three-dimensional expansion. It is with Confucius'"learning to the top" that there is the human nature of the school of thought and Mencius, the connection between materiality and the Tao of Heaven, and the tradition of Neo-Confucianism that lasted for nearly a thousand years after the Song Dynasty.
【作者单位】：南开大学历史学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目(12YJA770024)的结项成果
【分类号】：B222.2

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