《晏子春秋》的“忠”论探析

发布时间：2018-05-14 19:10

本文选题：《晏子春秋》 + “忠”论　；参考：《唐都学刊》2017年01期

【摘要】：《晏子春秋》中的"忠"论更多的是就臣德而言的,包含以下几层内涵:其一,能进善于君而不与君陷于难为忠;其二,忠臣主要是忠于社稷,而非仅仅忠君,忠君不过是忠于社稷的一个手段;其三,君臣关系是相互的,君可择臣而使之,臣亦可择君而事之;其四,忠臣最主要的义务是谏君。《晏子春秋》的"忠"论所反映的君臣关系近于孔孟思想,但孔孟尤其是孟子往往不用"忠"来论述君臣关系,孔孟思想中的"忠"主要代指一般的伦理道德。从《晏子春秋》的"忠"论可以看出先秦时期君臣关系是相对平等的,先秦时期的"忠"论绝非后世所理解的"君要臣死,臣不得不死"的腐朽忠君观。《晏子春秋》的"忠"论所呈现出君臣相对平等的关系与先秦时期齐国"举贤上功"的政治传统是密不可分的。
[Abstract]:The theory of "loyalty" in "Yan Zi Chunqiu" is more in terms of his morality, and it contains the following contents: first, he is good at being good at the king, but not in difficulty of being faithful to the monarch; second, the loyal minister is mainly loyal to the social state, not just to the monarch. Loyalty to the monarch is but a means of being loyal to the state; third, the relationship between the monarch and the minister is mutual, and the monarch can choose the minister and make it, and the minister can choose the king and act accordingly; fourth, The most important duty of loyal officials is to remonstrate the monarch. The "loyalty" theory in Yan Zi's "loyalty" theory is close to the thought of Confucius and Mencius, but Confucius and Mencius especially Mencius often do not use "loyalty" to discuss the relationship between monarchs and subjects. In the thought of Confucius and Mencius, "loyalty" mainly refers to the general ethics. From the theory of "loyalty" in Yan Zi Spring and Autumn period, we can see that the relationship between monarch and subject in pre-Qin period is relatively equal, and the theory of "loyalty" in pre-Qin period is not the "monarch to die" as understood by later generations. The theory of "loyalty" in Yan Zi Spring and Autumn period shows that the relative equality of monarch and subject is closely related to the political tradition of "exalting meritorious deeds" in Qi state in the pre-Qin period.
【作者单位】：上海师范大学哲学系;
【分类号】：B22

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