老子伦理思想研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 20:13

本文选题：自然之道 + 理国之道　；参考：《上海社会科学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：《老子》一书短短五千言,其中内容丰富、思想深刻,从古至今的学者对其思想的研究著述汗牛充栋。本文选择伦理角度对其思想进行梳理与归类,通过对老子思想中人与自然,人与社会及人与自身关系的思考与研究获得现代启示,以应对当前社会中的伦理道德问题。本文将内容主要分为三个主要的部分,即自然之道、理国之道和理身之道。力图打破西方固有的伦理分类,用具有中国文化传统特色的方式进行分类。从宏大到细微,步步升华又融会贯通,逐步将老子伦理思想的整体框架显现出来,突破原有伦理思想梳理的割裂状态,以更符合老子伦理圆融一体的特点。围绕着三个部分将老子思想作为一个有机整体进行展开讨论,三个主要部分的伦理思想有所融合与穿插,这正是老子伦理思想的一个独特之处。自然之道,是老子伦理思想的基础章节,观宇宙自然探讨人与自然的伦理关系,探索人在自然中所扮演的角色及其行为规范是其主要内容。在自然之道中老子通过对宇宙万物的观察总结出发展的规律,提炼出朴素的辩证法为其伦理思想构建了逻辑框架,而此章节也以此规律为依据从其思想内容中提炼出"万物一体"、"万物平等"、"万物皆有道"三个核心内容进行讨论,深入理解老子以"道"为核心的伦理思想体系。理国之道,深度剖析国家最高统治者的言行,总结出一套"无为"、"不争"、"以百姓心为心"的君与民的伦理关系。此章节以君为主体,谈君民一体,君民平等及君之道心的理国伦理思想,这一章节中所包含的不仅仅是统治者管理国家百姓的政治伦理,还包含了对统治者如何修养自身的个人伦理。理身之道,通过"自我觉悟阶段"、"自我立身阶段"、"虚怀若谷的大道阶段"层层递进,逐渐将老子的伦理思想落实到个人,展现出人与自身,人与人的相处之道。三个部分各自独立又相互融合,整体的看待"三道"是完整理解老子伦理思想,体会老子伦理思想的优越性的关键。伦理问题关乎着每一个人,古往今来围绕伦理展开的思考与讨论从未断绝,当下社会急速的朝前发展着,对伦理的思考与实践却被甩在了身后,中国的伦理思想丰富且独一无二,我们急需从传统的伦理中获取精华,并从中推陈出新获得对现代社会伦理发展的思考,而老子伦理思想在中国的伦理学史中特立独行,可以为我们打开不一样的视野,道德伦理是老子思想宝藏中的一小部分,也是重要的一个部分,其思想能够跨越时空的局限唤醒人们对良知,对善的思考与反思,也引导的人们看得更细、更远、更深。
[Abstract]:Laozi is a short five thousand words, which is rich in content and profound in thought. This paper chooses ethics angle to sort out and classify his thoughts, and through the thinking and research of man and nature, man and society, and the relationship between man and himself in Laozi's thought, we can get the modern enlightenment, in order to deal with the ethical and moral problems in the present society. The content of this paper is divided into three main parts, namely, the way of nature, the way of managing the country and the way of managing the body. It tries to break down the inherent ethical classification of the West and use the traditional Chinese culture to classify it. From grandeur to nuance, step by step sublimation and integration, the whole frame of Laozi's ethics thought is gradually revealed, breaking through the carding state of the original ethics thought, in order to more accord with the characteristics of Laozi's ethical integration. Around three parts Laozi's thought is discussed as an organic whole, and the ethical thoughts of the three main parts are merged and interspersed, which is one of the unique aspects of Laozi's ethical thought. The way of nature is the basic chapter of Laozi's ethical thought. It is the main content to explore the ethical relationship between man and nature and to explore the role of man in nature and its behavior norms. In the Tao of Nature, Laozi sums up the law of development through the observation of all things in the universe, and abstracts the simple dialectics to construct a logical framework for his ethical thought. On the basis of this rule, this chapter abstracts three core contents of "everything is one", "all things are equal" and "all things have Tao", and deeply understand Laozi's ethical thought system with "Tao" as the core. This paper analyzes deeply the words and deeds of the country's supreme rulers, and sums up a set of ethical relations between the monarch and the people with "no action", "indisputable" and "the heart of the common people". This chapter takes the monarch as the main body, talks about the unity of the monarch and the people, the equality between the monarch and the people, and the ethical thought of managing the state of the people of the monarch. This chapter contains not only the political ethics of the ruler managing the people of the country, It also contains personal ethics about how rulers cultivate themselves. Through "self-consciousness stage", "self-establishment stage" and "empty road stage", Laozi's ethical thought is gradually implemented to the individual, showing the way of getting along with people and themselves. The three parts are independent and integrated with each other. It is the key to understand Laozi's ethics thought and understand the superiority of Laozi's ethics thought. Ethical issues concern everyone. The thinking and discussion about ethics has never stopped. The society is developing rapidly, but the thinking and practice of ethics has been left behind. China's ethical thoughts are rich and unique. We urgently need to get the essence from the traditional ethics, and get some thoughts on the ethical development of the modern society from the old and the new, while Laozi's ethical thoughts are maverick in the history of Chinese ethics. Moral ethics is a small part and an important part of Laozi's thought treasure. Its thought can transcend the limitation of time and space to awaken people's thinking and reflection on conscience and good. People who also guide them see more carefully, farther and deeper.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B223.1

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