老子哲学的生存论特征及与儒家的分判

发布时间：2018-05-20 02:38

本文选题：老子 + 生存论　；参考：《哲学研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：诞生于轴心时代的中国先秦儒道两家,有着不同的理论特点和观照世界的方法。道家的创始人老子与儒家着重从现实人伦和道德修为立论不同,而是从宇宙万物的同一性角度思考世界的本原和存在方式,因而其理论本质上是一种生存论哲学和终极关怀。在这一层面,它与儒家有许多分野:如在宇宙论上,道家属本体论,儒家属生成(衍化)论;在行为根据上,道家提倡"道法自然",儒家崇尚"尊道贵德";在价值观上,道家持"天地不仁,以万物为刍狗"的平等观,儒家主张"天地之性人为贵"、"仁民而爱物"的差序伦理。这些在今天以传统资源应对工业化弊端的舆论场域,往往被纳入"天人合一"的框架笼统视之,这在本文看来是需要作细致分疏和分判的。最为重要的是,老子哲学的现代价值与其说是具体结论,不如说是方法,是其对世界整体构成和生存状态的根本看法。
[Abstract]:The Confucianism and Taoism of the pre-Qin period in China, born in the Axis Age, have different theoretical characteristics and methods of viewing the world. Laozi, the founder of Taoism, is different from the Confucianists from the point of view of realistic human relations and moral practice, but thinks about the origin and mode of existence of the world from the point of view of the identity of all things in the universe, so its theory is essentially a kind of existentialism philosophy and ultimate concern. On this level, it has many distinctions from Confucianism: for example, in cosmology, the ontology of Taoist family members, Confucian generative (derived) theory; on the basis of behavior, Taoism advocates "Taoism is natural", Confucianism advocates "respecting Taoism and valuing virtue"; in terms of values, Taoism advocates "Taoism and nature", and Confucianism advocates "respecting Taoism and valuing virtue". Taoism holds the equal view that "heaven and earth are not benevolent and all things are cud dogs", and Confucianism advocates that "the nature of heaven and earth is precious to man" and "benevolence to the people and love of things". These fields of public opinion, which deal with the malpractice of industrialization with traditional resources today, are often taken into account in the framework of "the unity of nature and man", which needs to be carefully divided and judged in this paper. The most important thing is that the modern value of Laozi's philosophy is not so much a concrete conclusion as a method and its fundamental view of the whole world's constitution and living state.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院哲学所;
【分类号】：B222;B223.1

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