论孟子的“扩充四端”及其道德教育之理路

发布时间：2018-05-25 06:23

本文选题：孟子 + 扩充四端　；参考：《南京社会科学》2017年03期

【摘要】：孟子心性哲学思想主张仁义礼智之“四端”植根于人的本心;因而,道德教育是一个不断向内扩充道德本心的过程,而不是向外求索的过程。孟子认为,“扩充四端”是道德教育的必经之路,因为人虽然先验地赋有道德本心,但是此心极易为自身之欲望以及外物之缠扰所遮蔽;而惟有通过“扩充四端”,人的道德本心才能重新归于敞亮和澄明,人也才能成为真正的道德人。基于此,孟子建构了以人性善为理论基础、以存养扩充为主要方法机制、以“人皆可以为尧舜”为基本人格目标的道德教育思想,从而开创了儒家道德教育的新理路,奠定了中国传统德育理论的人性论、方法论和目的论的基础。孟子的“扩充四端”思想有助于矫治当代德育心灵缺席的弊病,对当代德育的逻辑原点、功能定位及方法体系等方面的变革和创新具有重要的启示和借鉴的意义。
[Abstract]:Mencius' philosophy of heart and nature holds that the "four ends" of benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom are rooted in man's own heart; therefore, moral education is a process of constantly expanding the moral essence to the inside, rather than seeking for the outside. Mencius believes that "expanding the four ends" is the only way to moral education, because although man has a transcendental moral heart, this mind is easily obscured by his own desire and the entanglement of other things; instead, he can only "expand the four ends" by "expanding the four ends". The moral essence of man can be restored to openness and clarity, and man can become a true moral man. Based on this, Mencius constructed the moral education thought, which is based on the theory of humanity and goodness, and based on the main method and mechanism of saving, raising and expanding, and taking "everyone can be the Yao and Shun" as the basic personality goal, thus creating a new way of Confucian moral education. It lays the foundation of the theory of human nature, methodology and teleology of Chinese traditional moral education theory. Mencius' thought of "expanding the four ends" is helpful to correct the malady of the spirit of contemporary moral education, and has important enlightenment and reference significance to the reform and innovation of the logic origin, function orientation and method system of contemporary moral education.
【作者单位】：南京师范大学道德教育研究所;
【分类号】：G40-012.9

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