生命与政治的悖论:阿甘本“赤裸生命”概念的三个源头

发布时间：2018-05-26 11:51

本文选题：单纯生命 + 纯粹生命　；参考：《安徽大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2017年02期

【摘要】：意大利哲学家阿甘本对生命与政治关系的洞察来源于阿伦特、本雅明和福柯三位思想先驱。阿伦特通过对"政治生命"和"单纯生命"概念的区分,试图将政治共同体奠基于单纯的政治实践。这一思考产生了单纯生命的悖论:单纯生命既构成政治共同体的基础,又是消解政治共同体的根本因素。本雅明利用"牺牲"概念和犹太—基督教神学传统,消解了阿伦特的悖论,却将政治行动转化为维护律法的暴力行为,并在献祭—净化的循环中,将纯粹生命本身转化为律法实施的最高目标。阿伦特和本雅明的哲学和神学反思最终在福柯对现代政治技术的分析中,呈现为现代生命政治内在的实践逻辑,人的自然生命成为政治的目标,却在被政治技术的抽象化利用过程中,转化为"赤裸生命"。借助于三位思想家的论述,阿甘本重建了生命哲学和政治哲学的关系,他认为,赤裸生命就是人类生命的"门槛"(threshold):它处于生命的存在和消亡之间,将政治权力最为悖谬的两种功能,即捍卫生命和威胁生命同时表征出来。
[Abstract]:The Italian philosopher Forrest Gump's insight into the relationship between life and politics comes from the three pioneers of Arendt, Benjamin and Foucault. Through the distinction between political life and pure life, Arendt tries to base the political community on simple political practice. This thought gives rise to the paradox of pure life: it is not only the foundation of political community, but also the fundamental factor of dispelling political community. Using the concept of sacrifice and the Jewish-Christian theological tradition, Benjamin dispels Arendt's paradox, but turns political action into law-preserving violence, and in the cycle of sacrifice-purification, Turn pure life itself into the supreme goal of law enforcement. In Foucault's analysis of modern political technology, Arendt and Benjamin's philosophical and theological introspection were presented as the inner practical logic of modern life politics, and human's natural life became the goal of politics. But in the process of being abstracted by political technology, it is transformed into naked life. With the help of three thinkers, Aghambon reconstructs the relationship between philosophy of life and political philosophy. He thinks that naked life is the threshold of human life: it is between the existence and extinction of life. The two most paradoxical functions of political power, namely, defending and threatening life, are represented at the same time.
【作者单位】：上海师范大学中文系;
【基金】：2015年度教育部人文社会科学重点基地研究重大项目(16JJD750010) 中国博士后基金第60批面上资助(307E-9103-00-003075)
【分类号】：B546

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