网络公共领域主体研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 05:31

本文选题：公共领域 + 网络公共领域　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：哈贝马斯经过仔细地考察研究后,认为人类历史上,先后出现过古希腊时代的古典型公共领域、西欧封建时代的代表型公共领域和资本主义时代的资产阶级公共领域等三种形态。当资本主义发展进入垄断阶段后,代表资产阶级利益的政党和利益集团凭借其政治、经济实力,逐渐操控资产阶级公共领域,导致资产阶级公共领域逐渐走向自身的反面,政治变成少数人暗箱操作。也正是这个缘故,哈贝马斯宣称,资产阶级公共领域重新封建化,资产阶级公共领域走向衰落。上世纪60年代以来,迅猛发展的国际互联网凭借自身技术特点,塑造出公共领域的新形态---网络公共领域,为社会大众提供了平等、自由地参与公共领域的条件,完全扭转了资产阶级公共领域不断走向衰落的趋势。因此,杨仁忠在其所著的《公共领域论》一书中宣称:“大众传媒时代因权力和金钱的宰制而走向衰落的公共领域将在信息时代重兴”。我国实行改革开放后,随着市场经济的深入发展,国家减少了对经济社会的干预,国家与社会逐步分离,为公共领域出现提供条件,特别是国际互联网的发展应用,我国出现了网络公共领域。然而,受到我国几千年的封建专制制度的影响,上下尊卑的臣民思想依然存在,人们对政治民主的认识实践不深,导致民主发展滞后,以至于难以形成网络公共领域,参与者分歧明显,难以达成共识,特别是达成理性的共识更难。网络公共领域的参与者们不能遵照哈贝马斯商谈伦理,进行有效的沟通,网络中充斥着侮辱、谩骂、歪曲、虚假的信息。这一切都影响着共识的形成,甚至对现实的社会秩序造成破坏。在《关于公共领域问题的问答》中,哈贝马斯也认为“由于你们国家中经济和国家的关系不同,我完全能想象将西方模式直接‘应用’到中国的任何一种尝试所遇到的困难”。应当看到,网络公共领域为人民实践民主、培育民主价值理念提供了土壤,在社会主义民主政治建设中将会发挥重要的作用。因此,加强对网络公共领域的研究显得极其重要和急迫。考察哈贝马斯发现的三种公共领域以及网络公共领域,发现不论何种公共领域,最关键的要素是人,也即参与其中的主体。借助互联网上的聊天室、微博、新闻评论、论坛等公共空间,人们对涉及公共利益的社会事务或者事件进行讨论,达成一致意见,形成舆论,以此对政府进行监督,这就标志着网络公共领域形成了,而作为个体的自然人加入这个空间之中就共同关注的议题进行讨论,自然就成为网络公共领域的主体。没有人参与的空间,绝对不是公共领域。网络公共领域主体设定议题,经过讨论交流,达成一种或者多种共识。这些共识,是一部分人或者全体的意愿的集合,代表着他们关于需要国家政治权力机关回应的某一事项的共同或相近的看法,直接或间接影响着政府的合法性基础。因此,加强对网络公共领域主体的研究,掌握网络公共领域的形成规律,积极构建中国特色网络公共领域,提升人们的民主素养,提高人们政治参与热情,对建设社会主义民主政治和推进法治国家建设,具有很强的指导意义。
[Abstract]:After careful investigation and study, Habermas thought that in human history, there were three forms of classical public domain in ancient Greece, the representative public domain of Western European feudal era and the bourgeois public domain in the capitalist era. When the capitalist development entered the monopoly stage, it represented the political interests of the bourgeoisie. By virtue of its political and economic strength, the party and the interest group gradually manipulate the bourgeois public sphere, which has led to the negative side of the bourgeois public sphere, and the politics became a secret operation of the minority. It is this reason that Habermas claims that the bourgeois public sphere is feudalism and the bourgeois public sphere is on the decline. Since the 60s of the 20th century, the rapid development of the international Internet has created a new form of public domain by virtue of its own technical characteristics - the network public sphere, which provides the public with equal and free participation in the public sphere, completely reversing the trend of the constant decline of the bourgeois public sphere. Therefore, Yang Renzhong is in his book In the book of public domain, a book claims: "the public sphere of the mass media era is going to decline because of power and money is declining in the information age." after the reform and opening up in China, with the development of the market economy, the state has reduced the intervention to the economy and society, the state and the society are gradually separated and provided for the public field. In China, especially the development and application of the Internet, our country has appeared in the network public domain. However, influenced by the feudal autocratic system of thousands of years in our country, the subject thought of the upper and lower inferiority still exists, the people's understanding of the political democracy is not deep, which leads to the stagnation of the democratic development so that it is difficult to form the network public domain and the participants are divided. It is difficult to reach a consensus, and it is difficult to reach a consensus, especially to reach a rational consensus. The participants in the public domain cannot comply with Habermas's discussion of ethics and communicate effectively. The network is full of insults, abuses, distortions and false information. All this affects the formation of consensus and even the social order of the reality. In question and answer to the public domain, Habermas also believes that "because of the different economic and national relations in your country, I can completely imagine the difficulties encountered by any attempt to apply the Western model directly to China." For the soil, it will play an important role in the construction of socialist democratic politics. Therefore, it is extremely important and urgent to strengthen the research on the public field in the network. Three public fields and network public fields discovered by Habermas find that the most important factor in any public domain is man, that is, the owner of the public domain. With the help of chat rooms on the Internet, micro-blog, news commentary, forum and other public spaces, people discuss social affairs or events involving public interests, reach consensus and form public opinion to supervise the government, which marks the formation of the public sphere in the network and as a natural person of the individual into the space. Discussions on issues of common concern naturally become the main body of the network public domain. Space without human participation is absolutely not a public domain. The subjects of the network public domain set up issues, through discussion and communication, to reach one or more consensus. The consensus is a collection of people or the will of the whole, representing them. The common or close view of a matter that needs the state political authority to respond directly or indirectly affects the legitimacy basis of the government. Therefore, to strengthen the research on the subject of the public domain in the network, grasp the law of the formation of the public field of the network, actively construct the public domain of the network of Chinese characteristics, and enhance the people's democratic attainment and improve the people. Our enthusiasm for political participation has a strong guiding significance in building socialist democratic politics and promoting the construction of a country under the rule of law.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B516.59

【参考文献】