19世纪俄国实践哲学研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 07:15

本文选题：俄国实践哲学 + 知识分子　；参考：《中共中央党校》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：俄国实践哲学是19世纪俄国社会历史发展的产物，是在资本主义世界历史形成时期俄国思想家对民族前途命运反思、探索的理论成果。本文认为，实践哲学在19世纪俄国出现的历史逻辑与实践哲学本身的发展逻辑存在着较为密切的联系。本文围绕19世纪俄国实践哲学的源起、类别、观点、特征、历史价值和当代反思等问题，，从四个方面分述如下。第一章，集中探讨19世纪俄国实践哲学的社会基础和思想渊源。本文认为，19世纪俄国实践哲学是俄国知识分子为了解决“俄国怎么办？”的时代课题，倡导革命或改革，以批判专制、变革现实为旨趣，反对思辨空谈的哲学潮流。关于它的社会基础，本文主要从19世纪俄国政治上的沙皇专制集权体制、经济上的农奴制、东正教的精神传统等三个方面进行了分析；关于思想根源，主要是通过梳理东正教在俄国产生、发展演变的历程和俄国与西方“国家间交往”的文化融合过程进行梳理和分析。第二章，主要是从历史和逻辑相统一的角度，介绍和概括实践哲学的三大分支的产生及其基本观点。本文认为，产生于40年代的贵族知识分子倡导的是一种“精神实践”哲学，出现于60年代的平民知识分子崇拜的是“暴力实践”哲学，而崛起于80年代的马克思主义知识分子所践行的则是“斗争实践”哲学。他们分别围绕要不要实践、什么叫实践、谁来实践、如何实践等重大问题，提出了各具特色的实践哲学思想，而不同理论形态之间呈现出历史和逻辑发展的内在一致性。第三章，立足当代，分析19世纪俄国实践哲学的历史和现实价值。本文认为，19世纪俄国实践哲学在“开启民智、振奋精神”，“倡导行动、新辟路径”，“明确方向、确定主体”，“催生激情、创立范本”等四个方面具有重要的历史意义。关于现实意义和当代反思，文章主要从“知识分子”、“实践”、“革命后”等三个视角进行了考察。本文的结论是实践哲学在俄国出出现的历史顺序与实践哲学自身的逻辑演变具有一致性。
[Abstract]:Russian practical philosophy is the product of the development of Russian social history in the nineteenth Century. It is the theoretical result of the reflection and exploration of the Russian thinkers in the period of the history of the capitalist world. This article holds that the historical logic of the Russian practice in nineteenth Century has a close relationship with the development logic of the practice philosophy itself in the nineteenth Century.
Focusing on the origins, categories, viewpoints, characteristics, historical values and contemporary reflection of Russian practical philosophy in the nineteenth Century, the article is divided into four aspects as follows.
The first chapter focuses on the social basis and ideological origin of the Russian practical philosophy in nineteenth Century. This article holds that the Russian practical philosophy in nineteenth Century was the philosophical trend of the Russian intellectuals who advocated revolution or reform in order to solve the "how of Russia", to criticize autocracy, to change the reality as the purport, and to oppose the philosophical trend of thinking and empty talk. This article is based on the analysis of the three aspects of the Russian political czar autocratic centralization system, the economic serfdom and the spiritual tradition of the Orthodox Church in nineteenth Century. The ideological root is mainly through combing the origin of the Orthodox Church in Russia, the development and evolution of the Russian and the culture of the "intercourse" between Russia and the West. The process is combed and analyzed.
The second chapter, mainly from the point of view of the unification of history and logic, introduces and summarizes the emergence and basic viewpoints of the three branches of practical philosophy. This article holds that the aristocratic intellectuals in the 40s advocated a "spiritual practice" philosophy, and the popular intellectuals worship in the 60s was the "violent practice" philosophy. The Marx intellectuals who rose in the 80s have been practicing the philosophy of "struggle practice". They put forward the practical philosophy of practice, including the practice, the practice, the practice and the practice, and the internal consistency of the historical and logical development between the different theoretical forms.
The third chapter, based on the contemporary era, analyzes the historical and practical value of the Russian practical philosophy in nineteenth Century. This article holds that the Russian practical philosophy in nineteenth Century has important historical significance in the four aspects: "opening the wisdom of the people, inspiring the spirit", "advocating action, new path", "clear direction, determining the subject", "promoting passion, creating model", and so on. The practical significance and contemporary reflection are mainly viewed from three perspectives, namely, "intellectuals", "practice" and "Post Revolution".
The conclusion of this paper is that the historical order of the emergence of practical philosophy in Russia is consistent with the logical evolution of the philosophy of practice.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B512.4

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