关于马克思主义第一哲学两种模式的思考

发布时间：2018-05-27 10:20

本文选题：马克思主义 + 第一哲学　；参考：《天津社会科学》2017年03期

【摘要】：在西方哲学史上,从亚里士多德开始逐步形成了把哲学分为理论哲学和实践哲学的传统,前者研究形而上学、认识论和语言逻辑等,后者研究伦理、经济、政治、社会、历史等人类实践领域。在该传统中,亚里士多德从最普遍原理和终极原因出发解释一切,包括实践,从而形成了一种以理论哲学为第一哲学的模式;康德把知识限定在现象界,把道德奠基于本体界,从而形成了一种以实践哲学为第一哲学的模式。以此为参照,在马克思主义哲学中也可区分出两种模式:一是由老年恩格斯所建构的、以理论哲学为第一哲学的模式,它用物质解释一切,包括实践;二是从青年马克思的手稿、特别是《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中阐发出来的、以实践哲学为第一哲学的模式,它用实践解释一切,包括自然。不管在哪种模式中,马克思本人都只提供实践哲学。可实际上,马克思也有自己的理论哲学,那就是他的理论辩证法。一旦马克思的理论哲学得到阐发,一种新的马克思主义第一哲学的模式就可以期待。
[Abstract]:In the history of western philosophy, the tradition of dividing philosophy into theoretical philosophy and practical philosophy is gradually formed from Aristotle. The former studies metaphysics, epistemology and language logic, and the latter studies ethics, economy, politics and society. History and other fields of human practice. In this tradition, Aristotle explains everything from the most universal principle and the ultimate cause, including practice, thus forming a mode of taking theoretical philosophy as the first philosophy; Kant confined knowledge to the realm of phenomena and laid the foundation of morality on the realm of ontology. Thus formed a practical philosophy as the first philosophy model. As a reference, two models can also be distinguished in Marxist philosophy: one is the model constructed by the aged Engels, and the first philosophy is the theoretical philosophy, which explains everything with matter, including practice; The second is from the manuscripts of young Marx, especially the manuscripts of Economics and philosophy in 1844. It takes the philosophy of practice as the mode of the first philosophy, and it explains everything with practice, including nature. In either model, Marx himself provided only practical philosophy. But in fact, Marx also has his own theoretical philosophy, that is his theoretical dialectics. Once Marx's theoretical philosophy is elucidated, a new model of Marxist first philosophy can be expected.
【作者单位】：中山大学马克思主义哲学与中国现代化研究所、哲学系、实践哲学研究中心;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“马克思主义实践哲学与全球化时代的人类理想”(项目号:16JJD710015) 广东省高层次人才项目“马(克思主义)、中(国传统)、西(方)实践哲学的比较研究”的阶段性成果
【分类号】：B0-0

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