春秋思想界的张力:论新思潮与老传统的关系

发布时间：2018-05-28 19:41

本文选题：春秋思想世界 + 《诗》《书》《礼》《乐》传统　；参考：《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2017年05期

【摘要】：春秋思想世界中存在着两股重要的力量,一是《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《乐》代表的老传统,另一个是齐桓-管仲的形名-事功思潮。作为新涌现的思想力量之代表,齐桓-管仲思想以效率、功利为其基本旨趣,其现实目标包括取物以归己与屈人(国)以就己,即"有为"。齐桓-管仲的形名事功思想与权力、物质利益牵连,拥有更强的变革现实的力量,由此成为春秋战国诸侯为之倾心的新的思想势力。晋文公图霸业之举措多借鉴齐桓-管仲,子产治郑国,尚贤使能,铸刑书,邓析据此造"竹刑"。这些以客观性、确定性、效率性为主导的精神可以看作是对齐桓-管仲思想的继承与发展。形名-事功思潮是对《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《乐》所构成的老的思想世界之反动,"礼崩乐坏"正是这一思潮崛起、冲击所带来的后果。这种新思潮一方面动摇了《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《乐》思想系统,成为与之对峙的思想力量;另一方面,这个思潮与《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《乐》思想传统一道构成了先秦诸子思想之源头与基本境域。两种思想力量之对立、激荡也构成了春秋思想进一步发展的内在张力。老子以"无为"扭转"有为",其反对、超越的对象包含礼乐文化,但最重要的是形名法术。孔子从周,欲恢复被齐桓-管仲的形名事功冲击而逐渐式微的老传统。不同于老子同时拒斥礼乐、形名,孔子拒斥形名法令而使之归于仁与礼。老、孔思想所达到的境界皆基于以上两股精神力量之间的巨大张力。正视这两股思想力量及其对立构成的思想张力,为准确理解春秋思想世界及诸子思想提供了必要的前提。
[Abstract]:There are two important forces in the thought world of the Spring and Autumn period. One is the old tradition represented by poem, Book, ritual and Music, and the other is the ideological trend of form, name, work and achievement of Qi Huan-Guan Zhong. As the representative of the newly emerging ideological power, Guan Huan-Guan Zhong's thought regards efficiency and utilitarianism as its basic purport, and its realistic goals include taking things to belong to itself and subjugating others (countries), that is, "having to do". Qi Huan-Guan Zhong's thought of "form and fame" and "power" and "material interests" had stronger power to change the reality, and thus became a new ideological force that the princes of the Spring and Autumn period and warring States fell in love with. Jin Wen Gong's action to dominate the industry more learn from Qi-Guan Zhong, son of Zheng State, Shang Xian can, casting the book, Deng Analytic to create "bamboo punishment." The spirit of objectivity, certainty and efficiency can be regarded as the inheritance and development of Qihuan-Guan Zhong's thought. The thought of form, name and work is a reactionary reaction to the old world of thought constituted by Poems, Books, Rites, and Music. The rise of this trend of thought is the consequence of its rise and impact. This new trend of thought, on the one hand, has shaken the ideological system of "poetry", "book", "rite" and "joy", and on the other hand has become the ideological force facing it. This trend of thought, together with "poem", "Book", "Rites", "Music" thought tradition, constituted the origin and basic realm of the thought of the Pre-Qin School of thought. The antagonism of two kinds of thought forces, agitation also constituted the inner tension of the further development of the spring and autumn thought. Laozi "turn around" by "inaction", its objection, transcendent object includes the culture of etiquette and music, but the most important thing is form and name magic. Confucius wanted to restore the old tradition of being impacted by the form and fame of Huan-Guan Zhong from the Zhou Dynasty. Different from Laozi's rejection of ritual music and form name, Confucius rejected the law of form name and attributed it to benevolence and propriety. The realm reached by Confucius was based on the great tension between the two spiritual forces. Facing up to these two ideological forces and the ideological tension of their opposition provides a necessary premise for the accurate understanding of the ideological world and the thoughts of the philosophers in the Spring and Autumn period.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学中国现代思想文化研究所;
【基金】：教育部基地重大项目“通过-超过:古今中西之争视域下达冯契哲学研究”(项目批准号:16JJD720005)阶段性成果江苏省“公民道德与社会风尚”协同创新中心、“道德发展智库”阶段性成果
【分类号】：B22

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