自然之性、天命之性与气质之性——儒家忠德视域下朱熹人性论的三个维度与表征

发布时间：2018-06-01 04:47

本文选题：朱熹 + 人性论　；参考：《宁夏社会科学》2017年02期

【摘要】：忠德思想和人性论是儒家伦理思想两个重要的议题。朱熹作为理学集大成者,将此两者纳入了他的理学体系之中。在儒家忠德视域下,朱熹的人性论具有三个重要的维度和表征:一是自然之性。它是人性本能,有自然和义理双重性质,但主要还是体现为人的本能性,无所谓善与恶。二是天命之性。它是纯善的,是人们应当追求的。在朱熹之前,天命具有“人格化”、“德性化”、“规范化”、“宗教化”的表征,朱熹将天命“天理化”、“规律化”,使得他的“天命之性”走向了一条道德经验主义和道德先验主义的路径。三是气质之性。它有善有恶。朱熹认为,人性本善,但是人在经历人生体验和社会经验过程中,用朱熹的话说,就是人在社会上“衮来衮去”,会受到善与恶的双重影响,最后形成人性的善与恶的气质之性。因此,为了追求人性的善即天命之性,就要做到“存天理、灭人欲”,将人性的善性彰显出来。朱熹的人性论为后世儒家知忠、修忠和行忠提供了理论的可能性和可行性的基础。
[Abstract]:The thought of loyalty and humanity are two important topics of Confucian ethics. As a master of Neo-Confucianism, Zhu Xi incorporated both of them into his system of Neo-Confucianism. From the perspective of Confucian loyalty, Zhu Xi's theory of human nature has three important dimensions and representations: first, the nature of nature. It is human instinct, with the nature of nature and justice, but mainly reflects the instinct of human nature, there is no good or evil. Second, the nature of destiny. It is pure good, is what people should pursue. Before Zhu Xi, the destiny had the representation of "personification", "virtue", "standardization" and "religion". Zhu Xi made the destiny "physical and chemical" and "regular". It makes his "nature of destiny" go to a path of moral empiricism and moral transcendentalism. Third, the nature of temperament. It has good and evil. Zhu Xi believes that human nature is inherently good, but in the course of life experience and social experience, in the words of Zhu Xi, people "go to and fro" in society, which will be influenced by both good and evil. Finally, the formation of human nature of good and evil temperament. Therefore, in order to pursue the goodness of human nature, it is necessary to "save nature, destroy human desire", and show the goodness of human nature. Zhu Xi's theory of human nature provides the theoretical possibility and feasibility basis for the later Confucianists to know loyalty, practice loyalty and conduct loyalty.
【作者单位】：贵州师范大学马克思主义学院;
【分类号】：B244.7

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