康德哲学中的自由意志研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 00:34

本文选题：康德 + 自由意志　；参考：《华中师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：自由意志问题,这个古老而弥新,复杂而繁琐的问题历来困扰着无数的哲学家。在漫长的人类智慧史长河中,其中不乏少数的哲学家提出了一些很精彩独到的洞见和解决思路。然而,终究由于自身的局限性和一定历史条件的限制使得他们不能科学地看待和解释人的自由意志。为此,哲学家们一直为这个问题争论不休且各执一端,形成了异彩纷呈的自由学说与流派。本文试图以康德的自由意志理论为基础,并站在康德伦理学的立场上,系统阐述了他建基在自由意志基础上的道德哲学、法哲学和宗教哲学。自由意志是康德哲学的核心和基础,是其整个哲学体系大厦的奠基石。康德哲学的核心和最终目的是重建道德哲学,道德哲学最普遍的真正的根本问题是自由问题。只有以自由意志为前设条件,内在的道德和外在的法权才得以可能,才有其先天的根据,人的尊严与自由才得以确立与实现。为了道德的圆满和神圣性,使人达到共同至善境界并迈入恒久和平的伦理社会,故而在自由意志公设之上假设灵魂不朽和上帝存在,使得道德必然导致宗教。宗教哲学便成为道德哲学的重要补充和组成部分,自由意志便成为道德哲学与宗教哲学的最佳结合点。
[Abstract]:The question of free will, which is old and new, complex and complicated, has always troubled countless philosophers. In the long history of human wisdom, a few philosophers put forward some brilliant insights and solutions. However, due to their own limitations and the limitations of certain historical conditions, they can not scientifically view and explain the free will of human beings. For this reason, philosophers have been arguing about this issue and forming various theories and schools of freedom. Based on Kant's theory of free will and from the standpoint of Kant's ethics, this paper systematically expounds his moral philosophy, legal philosophy and religious philosophy based on free will. Free will is the core and foundation of Kant's philosophy and the cornerstone of its whole philosophical system. The core and ultimate aim of Kant's philosophy is to rebuild moral philosophy. Only with free will as the precondition, the inherent morality and the external legal power can be possible, only then can there be its innate basis, and the dignity and freedom of the human being can be established and realized. In order to achieve the perfection and sanctity of morality, to make people reach the state of common goodness and enter into the eternal and peaceful ethical society, it is assumed that the soul is immortal and God exists on the basis of the public assumption of free will, which makes morality inevitably lead to religion. Religious philosophy has become an important supplement and component of moral philosophy, and free will has become the best combination of moral philosophy and religious philosophy.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B516.31

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