笛卡尔的“我思”研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 04:44

本文选题：笛卡尔 + 怀疑　；参考：《广西大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：笛卡尔所构建的哲学体系是公认的近代哲学的起点,在他那里古希腊哲学和中世纪哲学产生了巨大变化,哲学的进程有了新的转变。笛卡尔通过对“我思”的解释,“自我”的位置在哲学史上开始凸显出来,笛卡尔的“我思故我在”这一原理的论述成为他哲学论述中最耀眼的部分。该理论也成为理解笛卡尔哲学的核心部分,对了解整个西方近代哲学的发展脉络都很关键。因此,回到笛卡尔的立场,重新审视和考察这一哲学理论的含义有着十分重要的作用。笛卡尔从怀疑出发,对于感觉经验作为知识来源进行怀疑,找到那个不可怀疑的阿基米德原点,并从这个点开始对他整个哲学体系的构建。“我”运用自己理智直观的能力,确立了“我思”,后来对于上帝观念和物质实体的论述都是从“我思”开始的,他并由此建立了他的第一哲学。文章首先根据历史的背景进行考察,对笛卡尔所处时代出现“我思”的必然,主要是文艺复兴和宗教改革等一系列个人试图摆脱上帝观念的束缚而寻求自由的道路。按照哲学史的脉络,对笛卡尔“我思”部分涉及的历史背景和哲学背景进行梳理。笛卡尔处在文艺复兴和宗教改革的时候,整个时代对个性解放的呼声很高,同时还有科技的发展,笛卡尔在这样的背景下想要构建属于自由解放相关的哲学体系。哲学理论方面,古希腊以来哲学家对感觉经验的论述,以及对深入人心的“实体”概念进行说明。中世纪以上帝为信仰最高点时和“我”的关系。根据笛卡尔的著作对“我思故我在”的内涵进行论述,包括怀疑的起因、引导沉思者怀疑的过程、一系列沉思之后所达成的结果,进而得出本文的核心“我思”。以及“我思”的推导过程以及对理智直观的能力,还有对精神实体、上帝观念和物质实体的说明,尤其是对物质实体的说明,笛卡尔之所以提出物质实体,是因为他要为正在发展着的自然科学寻求哲学上的根基。确定了“我思”之后,在他的论述中还存在一些问题,但是笛卡尔的“我思”理论以他强大的生命力在哲学史上继续前进,其中康德又是一位典型的对笛卡尔“我思”理论进行推进的哲学家,康德在笛卡尔“我思”的基础上对经验“我思”进行修正,提出了先验“我思”,使笛卡尔的“我思”理论继续前进。
[Abstract]:The philosophical system constructed by Descartes is the starting point of modern philosophy, in which great changes have taken place in ancient Greek philosophy and medieval philosophy, and the process of philosophy has undergone a new change. Descartes began to highlight the position of "self" in the history of philosophy through the explanation of "I think", and Descartes'"I think, therefore I am" principle is the most dazzling part of his philosophical discourse. This theory has also become the core part of Descartes philosophy, which is very important to understand the development of modern western philosophy. Therefore, it is very important to go back to Descartes' position to re-examine and examine the meaning of this philosophical theory. Descartes starts from doubt, doubts the feeling experience as the source of knowledge, finds the unquestionable Archimedes origin, and starts to construct his whole philosophy system from this point. "I" used his rational and intuitive ability to establish "I think". Later, the exposition of the concept of God and material entity began with "I thought", and he established his first philosophy. Based on the historical background, the article first examines the necessity of the emergence of "I think" in Descartes' era, mainly the Renaissance and religious reform, a series of individuals trying to free themselves from the bondage of the concept of God and seek the road of freedom. According to the history of philosophy, the historical background and philosophical background involved in Descartes'"my thoughts" are combed. When Descartes was in the Renaissance and religious reform, the voice of personality liberation was very high in the whole era. At the same time, there was the development of science and technology. Under this background, Descartes wanted to construct the philosophy system related to freedom liberation. In terms of philosophical theory, philosophers' exposition of feeling and experience since ancient Greece, as well as the concept of "entity" deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The relationship with me when God was the highest point of belief in the Middle Ages. According to Descartes' works, the connotation of "I think, so I am" is discussed, including the cause of doubt, the process of leading the meditator to doubt, a series of results reached after meditation, and then the core of this paper "I think". And the derivation of "I think," and the ability to be intuitive to reason, to the spiritual entity, to the concept of God, to the physical entity, and in particular to the physical entity, which Descartes put forward. It was because he was seeking philosophical foundations for the developing natural sciences. After "I think" was determined, there were still some problems in his discourse, but Descartes's "I thought" theory continued to advance in the history of philosophy with his strong vitality. Kant is also a typical philosopher to advance Descartes'"I thought" theory. Kant revised the experience "I think" on the basis of Descartes'"I thought" and put forward a transcendental "I think". To carry Descartes' theory of my thought forward.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B565.21

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