论康德对普遍因果原理与特殊因果律关系的处理

发布时间：2018-06-15 03:43

本文选题：普遍因果原理 + 特殊因果律　；参考：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：因果性问题是康德先验分析论的核心内容之一,这一问题在多个方面被探究。而通过对其的探究可以深入理解康德的先验哲学,同时对休谟的观念论乃至对近现代西方哲学的认识论的研究都有重要意义。本文探究的是康德的因果性问题之一,也即是他对于普遍因果原理与特殊因果律关系的处理。本文是在康德对修谟因果怀疑论的回应的分析之后引申出康德的因果概念进行两个层次的区分,其一是普遍的因果原理,它可以被表述为“每一个变化都是有原因的”;其二则是特殊因果律,它指的是自然之中具体的经验性的因果规律。首先肯定康德是对它们进行了严格的区分,前者作为知性的先验原理,具有严格的普遍性和必然性,而后者最初的来源在于经验性的归纳使得后者只是对自然中经验的法则的规定。其次尽管二者有所区分,但是普遍因果原理与特殊因果律之间存在着密切的联系,普遍因果原理凭借某种方式对特殊因果律具有“奠基”作用,普遍因果原理使得特殊因果律的存在及其必然性成为了可能,使得特殊因果律拥有了一种混合性状,一种是由经验而来的归纳性状态,另一种奠基于普遍因果原理而以某种方式拥有的必然性状态。但是普遍因果原理是如何将其必然性注入到特殊因果律之中的呢?对于这个问题本文是以牛顿的万有引力定律为例凭借形而上学原理和先验的知性范畴为中介重构了特殊因果律从普遍因果原理之中获取必然性的过程。
[Abstract]:Causality is one of the core contents of Kant's theory of transcendental analysis, which has been explored in many aspects. Through its exploration, Kant's transcendental philosophy can be deeply understood, and at the same time, it is of great significance to study Hume's theory of ideas and even the epistemology of modern western philosophy. This paper explores one of Kant's causality problems, that is, his treatment of the relationship between universal causality and special causality. After Kant's response to Hume's theory of causality, this paper draws a distinction between two levels of Kant's concept of causality. One is the universal principle of causation, which can be expressed as "every change has a reason." The other is the special law of causation, which refers to the specific empirical law of causation in nature. First of all, it is affirmed that Kant has made a strict distinction between them. The former, as a transcendental principle of knowledge, has strict universality and inevitability. The latter originates from the empirical induction that makes the latter a rule of thumb in nature. Secondly, although the two are different, there is a close relationship between the universal causality principle and the special causality law, and the universal causation principle has the function of "laying the foundation" of the special causality law by some means. The principle of universal causation makes the existence and inevitability of special causality possible, and makes it possible for special causality to have a mixed character, an inductive state derived from experience. Another state of inevitability based on the principle of universal causality. But how does the universal causation principle inject its inevitability into the special causality law? For this problem, this paper takes Newton's law of universal gravity as an example to reconstruct the special causality law from the universal causality principle by means of metaphysical principle and transcendental intellectual category.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B516.31

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