柏格森和马克思的存在论思想比较

发布时间：2018-06-18 16:48

本文选题：柏格森 + 马克思　；参考：《东南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：存在论是西方哲学研究的一个重要问题,然而在西方哲学几千年的发展史上存在论的内涵却几经变化,主要经历了从"传统存在论"到"现代存在论"的转变。尤其在当今世界,随着社会经济的飞速发展,各种社会问题层出不断,严重影响了人的正常发展,在此情况下,围绕人的研究就成了现代存在论的核心主题。现代哲学的两大主流人文主义和马克思主义都关注人的存在问题。人文主义的主要人物柏格森和伟大的马克思主义者马克思虽然都没有明确提出过自己的存在论,但是存在论的丰富内涵却蕴含于他们各自的理论体系中。本文正是以他们理论体系中的存在论思想为主线,深入挖掘二者的存在论思想并展开系统的对比,以柏格森的存在论丰富和补充马克思的人学存在论思想,从而使马克思主义思想更好的指导我们的现实生活。本学位论文主要分为四部分:第一章主要是为了厘清存在论的理论范围。从词源的角度确定ontology的译名为存在论,并从西方哲学史发展的角度对存在论的研究主题、研究方法、思想内容以及哲学地位做了考察。本章内容奠定了以下各章对存在论的研究范围。第二章研究了柏格森哲学中的存在论思想,主要包括"反对虚无,存在自足存在"、"世界之存在"和"人的存在"三部分。以反对虚无、证明世界的根本性存在——绵延来批判传统存在论的本质主义思想,并以直觉的思维方式批判传统的时间观,从人的真正的时间性存在和自我生成论的角度得出人的存在最终归宿——获得深层自我的自由。第三章则是剖析马克思哲学中的存在论思想,以马克思对传统存在论的批判和超越入手,从其实践的革命性特征解析了马克思关于"自然存在"、"社会存在"和"人的存在"的理论。并探究了马克思从经济学的角度对人的"劳动时间"和"自由时间"的划分,继而得出马克思人学存在论的最高宗旨——人与社会的自由全面发展。最后一章在前两章的基础上,从两人的存在论思维原点与传统存在论的关系、关于人的时间性存在的认识、二者思维方式的比较以及对人的存在的最终依归——自由的不同理解四个方面作了深入的比较。并汲取柏格森存在论中世界的原初存在作为人的存在的活动场域、创造性的直觉思维方式和对自由多样性的认识之所长来补充和完善马克思人学存在论中的不足。最终实现以更全面深入的马克思存在论指导我们的现实生活。
[Abstract]:Existentialism is an important issue in the study of western philosophy. However, the connotation of existentialism has changed several times in the history of the development of western philosophy for thousands of years, and has mainly undergone the transformation from "traditional existentialism" to "modern existentialism". Especially in today's world, with the rapid development of social economy, various kinds of social problems are constantly emerging, which seriously affect the normal development of human beings. In this case, the study of human beings has become the core theme of modern existentialism. Both humanism and Marxism in modern philosophy are concerned about the existence of human beings. Bergson, the main figure of humanism, and Marx, the great Marxist, have not clearly put forward their existentialism, but the rich connotation of existentialism is contained in their respective theoretical systems. This paper takes the existentialism thought in their theory system as the main line, deeply excavates their existentialism thought and carries out the systematic contrast, enriches and complements Marx's existentialism thought with Bergson's existential theory. So that Marxist thought better guide our real life. This thesis is divided into four parts: the first chapter is to clarify the theoretical scope of ontology. From the perspective of etymology, the translation name of ontology is called existentialism, and the research subject, research method, ideological content and philosophical status of existentialism are investigated from the perspective of the development of western philosophy history. The content of this chapter establishes the following chapters of the ontology of the scope of research. The second chapter studies the ontology in Bergson's philosophy, which includes three parts: "against nihilism, existence self-sufficiency", "the existence of the world" and "the existence of man". Criticizing the essentialism of the traditional ontology and criticizing the traditional view of time by opposing nihilism, proving the fundamental existence of the world, From the point of view of the real existence of time and the theory of self-generation, it is concluded that the ultimate destination of human being is the freedom to acquire the deep self. The third chapter is to analyze the ontology in Marxist philosophy, starting with Marx's criticism and transcendence of the traditional ontology. This paper analyzes Marx's theories of "natural existence", "social existence" and "human existence" from the revolutionary characteristics of his practice. It also probes into Marx's division of man's "working time" and "free time" from the angle of economics, and then concludes that the highest aim of Marx's theory of human existence is the free and all-round development of man and society. On the basis of the first two chapters, the last chapter discusses the relationship between the origin of the two people's existential thinking and the traditional existentialism, and the understanding of the existence of human time. The comparison of the two modes of thinking and the four aspects of different understanding of man's existence-freedom is made in depth. And draw on Bergson's theory of being that the primary existence of the world as the field of human existence, creative intuitive thinking mode and understanding of the diversity of freedom to complement and improve the shortcomings of Marxist theory of human existence. The ultimate realization of a more comprehensive and in-depth Marxist existentialism to guide our real life.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B086

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