关学的哲学意蕴——基于张载思想的考察

发布时间：2018-06-26 11:40

本文选题：太虚即气 + 人道　；参考：《华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2017年01期

【摘要】：关学奠基于张载,其基本特点与张载的思想难以分开。在天道观上,张载提出太虚即气,从这一观念看,气只有如何存在(聚或散)的问题,而无是否存在(有或无、实或空)的问题,哲学的视野和提问的方式由此发生了变化:对存在方式(如何在)的关注,开始取代对存在本身的质疑(是否在)。在张载那里,天道观与人道观彼此相关,在天道观上以对世界"如何在"的考察,取代了"是否在"的质疑,在人道观上进一步引向对人如何在的关切。以肯定人伦秩序为前提,张载进一步提出"为天地立心,为生民立道,为去圣继绝学,为万世开太平"的观念,其中包含理想意识与使命意识的统一,并在更内在的层面上展现了人的精神境界,后者既展现了普遍的价值追求,也体现了关学的内在精神。精神境界以人自身的成就或人的完善为指向。在如何成就人这一问题上,张载进一步提出了其人性理论及"变化气质"的观念,对孟子和荀子的人性理论作了双重扬弃,并由此对人之成为人的过程作出了新的阐发。
[Abstract]:In the view of heaven, the concept of "Qi" is "Qi". In view of the idea of "Qi", "Qi" is "Qi". In Zhang Zai, the view of heaven and the humanitarianism are related to each other. In the view of heaven, the view of "how to be" in the world has replaced the question of "whether it is in", and further leads to the concern about how people are in the humanitarianism. The heaven and earth stand up for the people of the people, for the sake of the life of the people and the idea of "opening peace for the whole world", which includes the unity of ideal consciousness and mission consciousness, which shows the spiritual realm of human being at a more inner level. The latter not only shows the universal pursuit of value, but also embodies the inner spirit of the customs. The spiritual realm is the achievement of man itself or the human being. On the issue of how to achieve people, Zhang Zai further puts forward his theory of human nature and the concept of "changing temperament", and makes a double discarding of the theory of human nature between Meng Zi and Xunzi, and thus makes a new elucidation of the process of human being.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学中国思想文化研究所暨哲学系;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“冯契哲学文献整理与思想研究”(项目编号:15ZDB012) 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“事与物:古今中西之争视域下中国现代形而上学的转换”(项目编号:16JJD720007) 江苏省“公民道德与社会风尚协同创新中心”研究项目上海社科创新基地华东师范大学“文化观念与核心价值”项目
【分类号】：B244.4

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