从荀子“明于天人之分”思想观其道德秩序的建构

发布时间：2018-07-19 19:55

【摘要】：中国古代哲学的发展始于“天人关系”的讨论。作为儒家思想的重要代表人物,荀子对于“天人关系”问题也有深入论述,其天人关系理论是荀学体系中人性理论建构的重要组成部分。荀子的天人观思想主要包含在《荀子·天论》一篇中,“明于天人之分”即全文的思想核心,也是荀子天人观的主张。本文试图以《天论》为核心,探讨荀子“明于天人之分”学说的思想内涵。文章分四个部分：第一部分通过总结前人对荀子天人关系理论问题的研究,提出本文对于“明于天人之分”所要关注的主要问题。第二部分追溯先秦的天人观念出发,并以儒、道为主阐释荀子以前的天人关系讨论。第三部分侧重理解荀子“明于天人之分”中的“天”与“人”的概念,荀子认为,“天行有常”,天是自然自在之天,是无价值、无意志、无目的之天；人是天化育万物之一员,但人有知、有辨,具有主观的能动性和创造性,是为天下之贵,并在“天人之分”引出了荀子关于“不求知天”与“知天”的阐述,以“不求知天”的态度而“知天”,遵循天人之分际,人才能在人事活动上开展出正确的发展方式,人道才会真正落到实处。第四部分则围绕《天论》,在梳理荀子“明于天人之分”的论证路径的同时,尝试探讨荀子在“天人之分”的视野下人的道德和价值秩序的建构。荀子认为,人道的价值不在天而在人,则最为具体可行的原则就是先王制定的礼义,即“在人者莫明于礼义”,循礼而治才是“一以贯之”的治理之道。荀子提醒人要在“明于天人之分”的条件下,去认识自己,去体验这个世界。结语部分对“明于天人之分”的价值根源的启示进行了思考,荀子天人观凸显了人之主体性,给人的主观能动性发展开出了充分的空间与可能性。荀子认为人道的终极意义和最高原则并不来自于“在天者”,而来源于“在人者”本身,充分理解了“明于天人之分”的这一层意义,才更有助于继续深入系统地理解荀子的思想。
[Abstract]:The development of ancient Chinese philosophy began with the discussion of the relationship between Heaven and Man. As an important representative of Confucian thought, Xunzi also discussed the question of "the relationship between Heaven and Man" in depth, and his theory of the relationship between Heaven and Man is an important part of the construction of the theory of human nature in Xunzi's study system. Xunzi's idea of Heaven and Man is mainly contained in the essay of Xunzi's Theory of Heaven and Man, which is the core of the whole text and the idea of Xunzi's view of Heaven and Man. This paper attempts to discuss the ideological connotation of Xunzi's theory of "dividing Heaven from Man" with the theory of Heaven as the core. The article is divided into four parts: the first part is to summarize the previous research on the relationship between heaven and man in Xunzi, and put forward the main problems that should be paid attention to in this paper. The second part traces the concept of Heaven and Man in the pre-Qin Dynasty, and explains the relationship between Heaven and Man before Xunzi with Confucianism and Taoism. The third part emphasizes on understanding the concepts of "Heaven" and "Man" in Xunzi's "the distinction between Heaven and Man". Man is one of the members of the universe, but man knows, distinguishes, has subjective initiative and creativity, is precious for the world, and in "the distinction of Heaven and Man" leads to Xunzi's exposition on "not knowing the Heaven" and "knowing the Heaven". With the attitude of "not knowing the sky" and following the distinction between heaven and man, man can develop a correct way of development in personnel activities, and only then can humanity really be put into practice. The fourth part focuses on the theory of Heaven. While combing Xunzi's argumentation path of "the distinction between Heaven and Man", it tries to explore the construction of the moral and value order of man under the vision of "the distinction of Heaven and Man". Xunzi thinks that the value of humanity is not in the nature but in the man, then the most concrete and feasible principle is the propriety made by the previous king, that is, "the person who is in the person is not clear in the courtesy", and the governance according to the rule of propriety is the way of governance that is "consistent". Xunzi reminds people to know themselves and experience the world under the condition of "the difference between Heaven and Man". In the conclusion part, the author thinks about the enlightenment of the value root of "the distinction between Heaven and Man". Xunzi's view of Heaven and Man highlights the subjectivity of man, and gives a full space and possibility to the development of human's subjective initiative. Xunzi thought that the ultimate meaning and supreme principle of humanity did not come from the "in heaven", but from the "in man" itself, and fully understood the meaning of "the distinction between heaven and man". Only then can help to continue to understand Xunzi's thought in depth and systematically.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B222.6

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