亚里士多德和孔子“中庸”思想的比较
发布时间：2018-08-01 15:38
【摘要】：亚里士多德和孔子分别是中西方最重要的哲学家之一。他们的思想不仅深深地影响着后面哲学的发展,也影响着我们每个人的思维方式。对他们的研究不仅有助于我们对传统思想的理解,也给现代社会发展提供了宝贵的思想资源。亚里士多德和孔子的伦理学都有"中庸"思想。而且他们都认为"中庸"是非常重要的德性。他们的"中庸"思想在很多方面有相同之处。比如他们都不赞成鲁莽和怯弱,而赞成处于中间的勇敢。但是,他们的"中庸"思想也有很多不同。很多学者从各个方面把二者进行比较,比如历史背景层面、政治层面、社会层面以及实践层面,但他们都对形上学层面的关注有所欠缺,以及对亚里士多德和孔子的核心概念"德性"的不同理解的探讨有待加强。本文从亚里士多德和孔子的"中庸"思想的比较出发,进而探讨他们对"德性"的理解的不同。首先,孔子的"中庸"思想并不需要形而上学基础,但亚里士多德的"中庸"是建立在形而上学基础上的。那么,道德哲学是否一定要建立在形而上学之上呢?其次,孔子和亚里士多德的"中庸"思想表现为"适度"。可是他们对"适度"的标准却完全不同。孔子的"适度"是由"礼"来决定的,亚里斯多德的"适度"是由逻各斯来决定的。这种不同不仅仅是社会背景和政治环境所造成的。亚里士多德对"适度"的理解背后是有他的形而上学基础的。再次,亚里士多德从生物学角度把人理解为理性的动物,而孔子则认为人是有待完成的工艺品,是学以成人。这种对"人"的理解的不同,也直接影响了他们对"德性"理解的不同。最后,从亚里士多德角度出发,孔子的德性观是没有理智德性的。这也是他们的德性理论最为重要的差别。
[Abstract]:Aristotle and Confucius are respectively one of the most important philosophers in China and the West. Their thoughts not only deeply affect the development of philosophy, but also affect the way of thinking of each of us. Their research not only contributes to our understanding of traditional ideas, but also provides valuable ideological resources for the development of modern society. Both Aristotle and Confucius had the idea of "mean" in ethics. And they all think that the mean is a very important virtue. Their idea of the mean is in common in many ways. Neither of them, for example, favours recklessness and cowardice, but bravery in the middle. However, there are many differences in their idea of the mean. Many scholars have compared the two aspects, such as historical background, political, social and practical, but they have little attention to metaphysics. And different understandings of Aristotle and Confucius'core concept of virtue need to be strengthened. Based on the comparison of Aristotle and Confucius'"mean" thought, this paper probes into their different understanding of "virtue". First of all, Confucius'"mean" thought does not need metaphysical basis, but Aristotle's "mean" is based on metaphysics. So, does moral philosophy have to be based on metaphysics? Secondly, Confucius and Aristotle's "mean" thought is expressed as "moderation". But their standards of moderation are completely different. Confucius' moderation is determined by propriety, and Aristotle's by logos. This difference is not only the result of social background and political environment. Aristotle's understanding of moderation is based on his metaphysics. Third, Aristotle understood man as a rational animal from the biological point of view, while Confucius thought that man was a handicraft to be completed and learned as an adult. This kind of different understanding of "man" also directly affects their different understanding of "virtue". Finally, from Aristotle's point of view, Confucius's view of virtue is not rational virtue. This is also the most important difference in their theory of virtue.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B502.233;B222.2
[Abstract]:Aristotle and Confucius are respectively one of the most important philosophers in China and the West. Their thoughts not only deeply affect the development of philosophy, but also affect the way of thinking of each of us. Their research not only contributes to our understanding of traditional ideas, but also provides valuable ideological resources for the development of modern society. Both Aristotle and Confucius had the idea of "mean" in ethics. And they all think that the mean is a very important virtue. Their idea of the mean is in common in many ways. Neither of them, for example, favours recklessness and cowardice, but bravery in the middle. However, there are many differences in their idea of the mean. Many scholars have compared the two aspects, such as historical background, political, social and practical, but they have little attention to metaphysics. And different understandings of Aristotle and Confucius'core concept of virtue need to be strengthened. Based on the comparison of Aristotle and Confucius'"mean" thought, this paper probes into their different understanding of "virtue". First of all, Confucius'"mean" thought does not need metaphysical basis, but Aristotle's "mean" is based on metaphysics. So, does moral philosophy have to be based on metaphysics? Secondly, Confucius and Aristotle's "mean" thought is expressed as "moderation". But their standards of moderation are completely different. Confucius' moderation is determined by propriety, and Aristotle's by logos. This difference is not only the result of social background and political environment. Aristotle's understanding of moderation is based on his metaphysics. Third, Aristotle understood man as a rational animal from the biological point of view, while Confucius thought that man was a handicraft to be completed and learned as an adult. This kind of different understanding of "man" also directly affects their different understanding of "virtue". Finally, from Aristotle's point of view, Confucius's view of virtue is not rational virtue. This is also the most important difference in their theory of virtue.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B502.233;B222.2
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