尼采自然主义德性观探析
发布时间：2018-08-06 21:25
【摘要】：Tugend一词从词源学上来讲,有美德、德行和能力三重意思。尼采认为,苏格拉底将理性求知等同于德性,亚里士多德将自然德性(植物性的生长能力)排除于人的德性之外。基督教兴起以后,德性逐渐与能力脱离了关系。于是,理性概念成了评判一个人是否有德性的唯一标准;然而与此相反,德性首先应该与卓越的自然能力有关,它牵涉人的本能,而不是理性;自然能力源于健康良好的生长,能够健康良好地生长就是幸福,因此幸福是生命的前提,而不是目的,展现自我的德性和能力才是目的;生命只有摆脱道德重负,重新回归无辜和健康,才能够获得幸福,并进而实现自身的德性。
[Abstract]:The word Tugend, etymologically, has the triple meaning of virtue, and ability. According to Nietzsche, Socrates equated rational knowledge with virtue, and Aristotle excluded natural virtue from human virtue. After the rise of Christianity, virtue gradually separated from ability. Thus, the concept of reason becomes the only criterion for judging a person's virtue; however, on the contrary, virtue should be related first and foremost to the transcendent natural ability, which involves human instinct, not reason; natural ability stems from healthy growth. Happiness is being able to grow healthily and well, so happiness is the premise of life, not an end. It is the virtue and ability to show oneself that is the goal; life can only be happy if it is free from the moral burden and returns to innocence and health. And then realize their own virtue.
【作者单位】： 复旦大学哲学学院博士后流动站;
【基金】：上海市哲学社会科学基金青年项目(2016EZX002) 国家社会科学基金重大攻关项目(12&ZD122)
【分类号】：B516.47
，
本文编号：2169034
[Abstract]:The word Tugend, etymologically, has the triple meaning of virtue, and ability. According to Nietzsche, Socrates equated rational knowledge with virtue, and Aristotle excluded natural virtue from human virtue. After the rise of Christianity, virtue gradually separated from ability. Thus, the concept of reason becomes the only criterion for judging a person's virtue; however, on the contrary, virtue should be related first and foremost to the transcendent natural ability, which involves human instinct, not reason; natural ability stems from healthy growth. Happiness is being able to grow healthily and well, so happiness is the premise of life, not an end. It is the virtue and ability to show oneself that is the goal; life can only be happy if it is free from the moral burden and returns to innocence and health. And then realize their own virtue.
【作者单位】： 复旦大学哲学学院博士后流动站;
【基金】：上海市哲学社会科学基金青年项目(2016EZX002) 国家社会科学基金重大攻关项目(12&ZD122)
【分类号】：B516.47
，
本文编号：2169034
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