荀子人性论思想的当代启示
发布时间：2018-08-22 21:04
【摘要】：荀子是我国儒家思想的重要代表,其人性论概念丰富,内涵广泛。然而荀子主张人之性恶,与主导性善的传统儒家思想相对,因此须针对不同的概念具体分析,不能以偏概全,以免偏颇。荀子认为,人的性首先是人的天性、更是习性。天性人生而有之之的内在规律,习性是人生而具备,但需后天发掘的意识,影响人认知的方式以及能力。荀子基于其对人性本身的认识,对教育、政治、礼义等方面进行了伦理学的完善,这对处于社会转型期的中国社会发展具有参考价值。本文对荀子性恶论思想形成的社会背景、主要内容以及特点进行了阐述和较细致的梳理后,运用它来对我们当代的理论建设和实践建设,尤其是对当前我们面临的文化建设、道德建设、政治体制建设提供有价值的参考。本文的选题为荀子的人性论思想的当代启示,着重分析荀子人性论形成的背景,各家对荀子人性论的影响,以及目前对荀子人性论研究现状分析,为下一步阐述荀子人性论奠定基础。荀子的人性论思想吸收了早期儒家经典思想的人性论的观点,是孔子和孟子的人性论思想的继承和发展,在孔子看来人是“性相近,习相远也”,在孟子看来,人是“人之初,性本善”。荀子在指出人性善是伪善基础上,提出了自己人性恶的思想。对荀子人性思想的认识分为几大类,一是先天性恶论,人的先天本性与礼义、辞让相反,故人性本恶,道德是对人自然本性进行改造的结果。二是后天性恶论。性恶不是先天形成,而是由后天造成的。三是不善不恶论,性本无善恶,正确的引导将使人养成善的品行。在充分地理解了荀子的人性论思想后,运用它来对我们当代的理论建设和实践建设以启示的意义。包括在人性与道德价值观冲突、治国思想等方面都拥有着伟大的价值,本文将逐一阐述它的启示意义。本文主要从以下几个方面对荀子人性论及其现代价值进行论述第一,荀子的人性论思想概述。阐述荀子人性论主要思想,着重就天生材朴之性,偏险悖乱之恶,化性起伪之伪,正理平治之礼进行了论证,一是阐述了“性”本身的含义,并对欲、知、能等关联概念。二是“恶”的原因、评价和界定,得出所谓人性恶,不是说人性本身是恶,其真正的含义是如果不加规范节制、任其泛滥,势必导致恶的结果。三是“化性起伪”中性伪分别与统一,礼法对人主动改造自身,以及治国的约束和指导作用。多角度对荀子人性恶进一步的论证,从而行成对荀子人性论的进一步理解和把握。第二章荀子人性论思想的批判。首先,荀子思想是为了维护封建统治为根本基础,导致其化性起伪的最终目标就是为君王服务,说明其封建本质。其次,分析性的自然属性和恶的社会属性的矛盾,肯定贪欲与权欲的历史作用。同时,指出并阐述人性论以礼论善的自然主义谬误。第三章荀子人性论的当代启示。分别从道德危机、德行教育及治国理政三个方面论述。首先,以当前道德失范问题为切入,内在注重自我修养,常持自我反省之心,治气养心之道,忠实诚信之义。外在塑造良好社会氛围,注重政治、经济、文化的协调发展,培养崇知好学,以帮助人们重拾道心,有效规避狭隘的利己主义和道德信仰缺失的问题。其次,荀子人性论对当前的德性教育的启示。树立“知礼明智”的德育目标,拓展民族视野。树立“涂之人可以为禹”的德育导向,塑民族道德信仰。树立“以生礼义而起法度”的德育共识,推动社会和谐发展。一方面鼓励人们不断获取知识,开阔眼界,使其知圣人之道,养成积极的品德习性。另一方面寻求共同民族信仰,不断深化民族自信。同时,荀子人性论对治国理政的积极作用。荀子执政之礼对防止政府不作为的作用。倡导“以德兼人”、“节用以礼,裕民以政”的观念强化为民服务意识,避免不作为的行为。以天地、先人、贤能“礼之三本”为基础,保证正确的价值取向,确保社会可持续发展。
[Abstract]:Xunzi is an important representative of Confucianism in China. His theory of human nature is rich in concepts and contains a wide range of connotations. Xunzi, based on his understanding of human nature, perfected the ethics of education, politics, etiquette and justice, which is of reference value to the social development of China in the period of social transformation. After elaborating the social background, main contents and characteristics of the formation of the evil theory of child nature, we can use it to provide valuable reference for our contemporary theoretical and practical construction, especially for the cultural construction, moral construction and political system construction we are facing at present. The Contemporary Enlightenment of Xunzi's theory of human nature lays a foundation for the further elaboration of Xunzi's theory of human nature. Xunzi's theory of human nature absorbs the viewpoints of the early Confucian classics, which is Confucius and Mencius. The inheritance and development of the theory of human nature in Confucius'view is that man is "similar in nature and distant in habit". In Mencius' view, man is "the beginning of man, the nature of good". Xunzi put forward his own thought of evil human nature on the basis of pointing out that good human nature is hypocrisy. The understanding of Xunzi's thought of human nature can be divided into several categories: one is congenital evil theory, and the innate nature and nature of man. Rituals and righteousness are contrary to words, so human nature is evil and morality is the result of the transformation of human nature. The second is the theory of acquired evil. It is of great value to our contemporary theoretical and practical construction, including the conflict between human nature and moral values, and the thought of governing the country. This paper will expound its enlightenment one by one. This paper mainly discusses Xunzi's theory of human nature and its modern value from the following aspects: First, Xunzi's theory of human nature This paper expounds the main ideas of Xunzi's theory of human nature, emphatically demonstrates the simple nature of nature, the dangerous and disorderly evil, the hypocrisy of the nature, the righteousness and the rule of justice. First, it expounds the meaning of "nature" itself, and the related concepts of desire, knowledge and ability. Second, it evaluates and defines the so-called evil of human nature, not human nature. It is evil itself, and its real meaning is that if we do not regulate and control, let it overflow, it will inevitably lead to the result of evil. Third, the neutral pseudo of "transforming nature into falsehood" is separated and unified, and the ritual and law restrain and guide people to reform themselves, as well as govern the country. The second chapter is the criticism of Xunzi's theory of human nature. Firstly, Xunzi's thought is to maintain the feudal rule as the fundamental basis, and the ultimate goal of its hypocrisy is to serve the monarch and explain its feudal nature. Secondly, the contradiction between the natural and evil social attributes is analyzed to affirm the historical role of greed and power desire. At the same time, this paper points out and expounds the naturalistic fallacy of the theory of human nature in virtue. Chapter three is the Contemporary Enlightenment of Xunzi's theory of human nature. It is discussed from three aspects: moral crisis, moral education and governance. Firstly, taking the current problem of moral anomie as a breakthrough point, it pays attention to self-cultivation internally, often holds the principle of self-reflection, governing Qi and cultivating heart, and being faithful and honest. Secondly, the Enlightenment of Xunzi's theory of human nature to the present moral education should be set up. The moral education goal of "knowing courtesy and wisdom" should be set up to expand the nation. On the one hand, we should encourage people to acquire knowledge, broaden their horizons, make them know the way of sages and cultivate positive moral habits. On the other hand, we should seek common national beliefs. At the same time, Xunzi's theory of human nature plays an active role in governing the country and governing the government. He advocates the concept of "combining virtue with people", "using courtesy as a gift, and"enriching the people with government"to strengthen the sense of serving the people and avoid inaction. Based on heaven and earth, ancestors and virtues, the"three fundamental principles of courtesy"are guaranteed. The correct value orientation ensures social sustainable development.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B222.6
本文编号：2198295
[Abstract]:Xunzi is an important representative of Confucianism in China. His theory of human nature is rich in concepts and contains a wide range of connotations. Xunzi, based on his understanding of human nature, perfected the ethics of education, politics, etiquette and justice, which is of reference value to the social development of China in the period of social transformation. After elaborating the social background, main contents and characteristics of the formation of the evil theory of child nature, we can use it to provide valuable reference for our contemporary theoretical and practical construction, especially for the cultural construction, moral construction and political system construction we are facing at present. The Contemporary Enlightenment of Xunzi's theory of human nature lays a foundation for the further elaboration of Xunzi's theory of human nature. Xunzi's theory of human nature absorbs the viewpoints of the early Confucian classics, which is Confucius and Mencius. The inheritance and development of the theory of human nature in Confucius'view is that man is "similar in nature and distant in habit". In Mencius' view, man is "the beginning of man, the nature of good". Xunzi put forward his own thought of evil human nature on the basis of pointing out that good human nature is hypocrisy. The understanding of Xunzi's thought of human nature can be divided into several categories: one is congenital evil theory, and the innate nature and nature of man. Rituals and righteousness are contrary to words, so human nature is evil and morality is the result of the transformation of human nature. The second is the theory of acquired evil. It is of great value to our contemporary theoretical and practical construction, including the conflict between human nature and moral values, and the thought of governing the country. This paper will expound its enlightenment one by one. This paper mainly discusses Xunzi's theory of human nature and its modern value from the following aspects: First, Xunzi's theory of human nature This paper expounds the main ideas of Xunzi's theory of human nature, emphatically demonstrates the simple nature of nature, the dangerous and disorderly evil, the hypocrisy of the nature, the righteousness and the rule of justice. First, it expounds the meaning of "nature" itself, and the related concepts of desire, knowledge and ability. Second, it evaluates and defines the so-called evil of human nature, not human nature. It is evil itself, and its real meaning is that if we do not regulate and control, let it overflow, it will inevitably lead to the result of evil. Third, the neutral pseudo of "transforming nature into falsehood" is separated and unified, and the ritual and law restrain and guide people to reform themselves, as well as govern the country. The second chapter is the criticism of Xunzi's theory of human nature. Firstly, Xunzi's thought is to maintain the feudal rule as the fundamental basis, and the ultimate goal of its hypocrisy is to serve the monarch and explain its feudal nature. Secondly, the contradiction between the natural and evil social attributes is analyzed to affirm the historical role of greed and power desire. At the same time, this paper points out and expounds the naturalistic fallacy of the theory of human nature in virtue. Chapter three is the Contemporary Enlightenment of Xunzi's theory of human nature. It is discussed from three aspects: moral crisis, moral education and governance. Firstly, taking the current problem of moral anomie as a breakthrough point, it pays attention to self-cultivation internally, often holds the principle of self-reflection, governing Qi and cultivating heart, and being faithful and honest. Secondly, the Enlightenment of Xunzi's theory of human nature to the present moral education should be set up. The moral education goal of "knowing courtesy and wisdom" should be set up to expand the nation. On the one hand, we should encourage people to acquire knowledge, broaden their horizons, make them know the way of sages and cultivate positive moral habits. On the other hand, we should seek common national beliefs. At the same time, Xunzi's theory of human nature plays an active role in governing the country and governing the government. He advocates the concept of "combining virtue with people", "using courtesy as a gift, and"enriching the people with government"to strengthen the sense of serving the people and avoid inaction. Based on heaven and earth, ancestors and virtues, the"three fundamental principles of courtesy"are guaranteed. The correct value orientation ensures social sustainable development.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B222.6
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