马克思哲学视野下的公共性

发布时间：2018-08-26 10:08

【摘要】：公共性的问题作为新时期下马克思主义理论的重要理论生长点,正逐渐被国内外相关专家学者关注和研究,相信燎原之势不久便会到来。公共性是人的公共性,公共性的问题是关于人的生存和发展问题,对公共性的关注和研究是对现代性给人的生存发展带来的生存困境的殷殷关切和对现代性困境的合理解决,是构建真正适合人的生存发展共同体的不倦追求。可以说,公共性的问题不仅是重大的理论问题,更是关乎人类福祉的重大现实问题。学界普遍认为西方学者阿伦特首先把公共性作为一个具体的现实问题进行研究。但公共性问题自人类社会之初便存在,只是由于当时的人的共同存在没有成为问题所以公共性没有成为问题而凸显。只是到了人的自我意识的觉醒和自我欲求的增多甚至不惜牺牲和毁灭他人来满足自己的私利的时候人的共在问题才渐渐凸显出来,尤其资本制度确立以后,人作为一个整体被物和资本奴役丧失了主体性,私人性过度彰显而公共性过度萎靡。对人的生存状况的关注是马克思哲学的理论内核,在马克思哲学的视野下去探究公共性,就是要求我们用马克思的思维方式即人本思维、实践思维、批判思维、历史思维和全球思维站在时代高度上去认识和把握问题,解决现代人的生存困境,对我们认识和建设中国特色社会主义道路有着重要的理论和现实意义。文章希望在前人理论努力的基础上能对公共性有一个正确的理解,通过私人性与公共性之间辩证关系的把握能够对全球化大背景下人的生存状况有一个合理的解释,这也是文章所追求的目标。首先,文章对公共性哲学内涵进行了梳理。公共性的内涵与外延都极为丰富,是一个集历史性、规范性、评价性和理想性于一身的范畴。因此,对公共性进行整体上的把握必然要求我们运用马克思认识和把握事物的思维方式,否则我们很容易将公共性的研究脱离实际和片面化;其次,对公共性与私人性的关系进行了研究。公与私、公共利益与私人利益无疑是众多矛盾的集合点。正确的认识二者关系既能够对合理的私人利益进行保护和尊重也是建构公共性的内在要求,这无疑是我们研究公共性的重要理论目标;再次,将自觉公共性的实现看作是公共性与私人性之间矛盾解决的途径。“他者”向度这一思维方式的确立无疑是走向自觉公共性的前提。只有正确认识和尊重“他者”才能实现社会生活中的人的活动的有效互动,才能促进自觉公共性的形成;最后,将具有自觉公共性新人的塑造看作是公共性研究的重要目标。在马克思哲学视野下去研究公共性必然包含着对资本主义统治现实的批判和对人的普遍生存状况的深切关注。
[Abstract]:As an important theoretical growth point of Marxist theory in the new period, the issue of publicity is gradually concerned and studied by domestic and foreign experts and scholars, and it is believed that the trend of prairie fire will come soon. Publicity is the publicness of human beings, and the problem of publicity is about the existence and development of human beings. The concern and study of publicity is the earnest concern and reasonable solution to the dilemma of existence and development brought by modernity. It is the tireless pursuit of building a real community of survival and development suitable for human beings. It can be said that the issue of publicity is not only a major theoretical issue, but also a major practical issue related to human well-being. It is generally believed that Arendt, a western scholar, first studied publicity as a concrete practical problem. However, the problem of publicity has existed since the beginning of human society, only because the common existence of people at that time did not become a problem, so publicity did not become a problem. Only when people's self-consciousness awakened and their desires increased, even when they did not hesitate to sacrifice or destroy others to satisfy their own self-interest, did the problem gradually become apparent, especially after the establishment of the capital system. As a whole, people are enslaved by objects and capital. It is the theoretical core of Marxist philosophy to pay attention to the living conditions of human beings. To explore the publicness in the field of Marxist philosophy requires us to use Marx's mode of thinking, that is, humanistic thinking, practical thinking, and critical thinking. Historical thinking and global thinking stand on the height of the times to understand and grasp the problems, solve the plight of modern people, and have important theoretical and practical significance for us to understand and build the socialist road with Chinese characteristics. The article hopes to have a correct understanding of publicity on the basis of previous theoretical efforts, and through the grasp of the dialectical relationship between private humanity and publicity, there can be a reasonable explanation for the living conditions of human beings under the background of globalization. This is also the goal pursued by the article. Firstly, the article combs the connotation of public philosophy. The connotation and extension of publicity are extremely rich, is a historical, normative, evaluative and ideal in one category. Therefore, the overall grasp of publicity requires us to use the way of thinking of Marx to understand and grasp things, otherwise we can easily separate the study of publicity from reality and one-sided; secondly, The relationship between publicity and private humanity is studied. Public and private, public interest and private interest are undoubtedly the gathering point of many contradictions. A correct understanding of the relationship between the two is not only to protect and respect the reasonable private interests, but also to construct the inherent requirement of publicity, which is undoubtedly an important theoretical goal for us to study publicity. The realization of conscious publicity is regarded as a way to solve the contradiction between publicity and private humanity. The establishment of the orientation of "other" is undoubtedly the premise of conscious publicity. Only by correctly recognizing and respecting the "other" can we realize the effective interaction of people's activities in social life and promote the formation of conscious publicity. Finally, the shaping of new people with conscious publicity is regarded as an important goal of the study of publicity. The study of publicness in Marx's philosophy must include criticism of the reality of capitalist domination and deep concern about the general living conditions of human beings.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B0-0

【参考文献】