马克思现实人道主义思想及其当代价值

发布时间：2018-09-03 10:10

【摘要】：马克思的现实人道主义思想是在《神圣家族》首次提出的。这种现实人道主义思想以现实的人为前提,通过维护人的本质,肯定人的价值,实现人的解放,倡导人的自由,最终达到人的全面发展。人道主义在西方有着自身产生的原因和发展的历史。从文艺复兴到启蒙运动开始,到空想社会主义再到德国古典哲学,经历了漫长的历史过程。马克思的现实人道主义一方面继承了欧洲哲学史上人道主义思想的精华。同时,批判了黑格尔的绝对精神理念、青年黑格尔派的唯心主义以及费尔巴哈“抽象的人”,在此基础上,结合社会历史现实,深入分析了资本主义社会的固有矛盾,指出只有推翻资本主义,每个人才能真正获得全面发展。马克思现实人道主义的基本内容分为五个方面:一是人的本质理论;二是人的价值观;三是人的解放思想;四是人的自由观;五是人的全面发展思想。其基本特征包括:现实性、革命性、阶级性、实践性、时代性。现实的人是马克思现实的人道主义思想的前提;革命是马克思现实人道主义的实现手段;现实人道主义是无产阶级的人道主义;实践性是马克思现实的人道主义最显著的特征;时代性是马克思现实人道主义的理论品质。马克思现实人道主义思想有自身独特的理论和现实意义:一方面,马克思现实人道主义是马克思主义哲学一个独立的不可或缺的组成部分,关注和高扬其地位和作用,对于抵制现代西方哲学对马克思主义哲学的歪曲、反对、“修正”有着重要的意义;另一方面,它对我国当前社会发展过程中的人的全面发展具有重要的指导意义。
[Abstract]:Marx's realistic humanitarianism thought was first put forward in the Holy Family. This kind of realistic humanitarianism thought regards the realistic person as the premise, by safeguarding the human essence, affirming the human value, realizing the liberation of the human, advocating the human freedom, and finally achieving the all-round development of the human being. Humanitarianism has its own reasons and history of development in the West. From Renaissance to Enlightenment, to utopian socialism to German classical philosophy, it has gone through a long historical process. On the one hand, Marx's realistic humanitarianism inherits the essence of humanitarianism thought in the history of European philosophy. At the same time, it criticizes Hegel's absolute spirit, the idealism of youth Hegel's school and Feuerbach's "abstract man". On this basis, combining with the social and historical reality, it deeply analyzes the inherent contradictions of capitalist society. It is pointed out that only by overthrowing capitalism can every person develop in an all-round way. The basic content of Marx's realistic humanitarianism is divided into five aspects: first, the theory of human nature; second, the value of human; third, the emancipation of human mind; fourth, the view of human freedom; and fifth, the thought of man's all-round development. Its basic characteristics include: reality, revolutionary, class, practicality and times. The realistic person is the premise of Marx's realistic humanitarianism thought; the revolution is the means to realize the realistic humanitarianism of Marx; the realistic humanitarianism is the humanitarianism of the proletariat; the practicality is the most prominent characteristic of the humanitarianism of Marx's reality; The nature of the times is the theoretical quality of Marx's realistic humanitarianism. Marx's realistic humanitarianism thought has its own unique theoretical and practical significance: on the one hand, Marx's realistic humanitarianism is an independent and indispensable part of Marxist philosophy. On the other hand, it has important significance to resist the distortion and opposition of modern western philosophy to Marxist philosophy, on the other hand, it has important guiding significance to the all-round development of human being in the process of social development in our country.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B0-0

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