麦克莱伦的意识形态理论研究

发布时间：2018-09-14 15:49

【摘要】：自人类社会诞生起,意识形态也随之诞生了,并一直存在于我们的知识结构之中。但意识形态理论的形成并不是一蹴而就的。“意识形态史”是人类思想史的一部分,总是随着社会的发展而不断变化。这一点在社会发展中被实践所证明。当代西方著名的马克思主义学者——戴维·麦克莱伦的意识形态理论充分说明了意识形态自身的结构变化和内在逻辑,对于我们研究意识形态问题具有重要的借鉴作用。麦克莱伦在其《意识形态》这部略带编年体性质的研究论著中,对意识形态概念的思想源流作了简洁的勾勒,并通过与各派的意识形态理论学说的比较,诠释了自己的意识形态的看法。本文第一章主要论述麦克莱伦意识形态理论的思想来源。为了更好的阐述麦克莱伦的意识形态理论,本章首先通过简要介绍近代哲学家——弗兰西斯·培根、托拉西、黑格尔、费尔巴哈等有关意识形态方面的思想,以此来阐述意识形态的形成和发展的过程。其次,对马克思和拉瑞恩的意识形态理论进行较为详细的论述,尤其是马克思的意识形态理论,这两位哲学家的意识形态理论对麦克莱伦的意识形态理论的形成有直接的影响。麦克莱伦正是通过对意识形态发展历程的梳理以及借鉴众多位哲学家的思想的基础上形成了自己独特的研究路径,即他把二百多年的意识形态理论的发展史划分为：德国传统和非德国传统、马克思主义传统和非马克思主义传统。他认为,马克思的意识形态理论总体上倾向于德国传统,即是一种强调意识形态与科学统一的学说,而“马克思之后的马克思主义”(即马克思主义传统)则是对德国传统和非德国传统的一种“兼容并蓄”式的发展结果。这是一种源于黑格尔、马克思、经曼海姆,至哈贝马斯的“浪漫—情境—交往理论”的意识形态理论传统。因此,在第二章中,根据麦克莱伦对意识形态发展史的划分,将麦克莱伦的意识形态理论的主要内容划分成两部分来进行阐述,即对马克思及马克思主义与非马克思主义的意识形态理论的探索。在此基础上,阐述了麦克莱伦的意识形态概念的主要内容及其理论价值。麦克莱伦对意识形态的探讨还涉及到有关社会主义国家意识形态发展的经验教训,并且针对中国构建意识形态方面的问题提出了富有建设性的意见。因此,本篇论文在第三章中将根据麦克莱伦针对我国意识形态建设提出的建议并结合我国的意识形态发展现状,具体论述在历史的新时期下,我国如何应对在构建社会主义意识形态过程中所面临的各种困难,以及我国在建设意识形态的过程中应该坚持哪些原则。在此基础之上,将阐述新时期我国将如何实现意识形态的创新发展。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of human society, ideology has been born, and has always existed in our knowledge structure. But the formation of ideological theory is not accomplished overnight. The history of ideology is a part of the history of human thought, which always changes with the development of society. This point has been proved by practice in social development. The ideology theory of David McClellan, a famous Marxist scholar in the contemporary western world, fully illustrates the structural changes and internal logic of ideology itself, which has an important reference role for us to study ideological problems. McClellan, in his book "ideology", gives a brief outline of the ideological concept, and compares it with the ideological theories of various schools. Interprets one's own ideological views. The first chapter mainly discusses the ideological source of McClellan's ideology theory. In order to better explain McClellan's ideology theory, this chapter firstly introduces the modern philosophers Francis Bacon, Torasi, Hegel, Feuerbach, and so on. In order to explain the formation and development of ideology process. Secondly, the ideology theory of Marx and Larian is discussed in detail, especially the ideology theory of Marx, which has a direct influence on the formation of McClellan's ideology theory. McClellan formed his own unique research path by combing the development course of ideology and drawing on the thought of many philosophers. That is to say, he divided the history of ideological theory of more than 200 years into German tradition and non-German tradition, Marxist tradition and non-Marxist tradition. In his opinion, Marx's ideological theory is generally inclined to German tradition, that is, a theory that emphasizes the unity of ideology and science. "Marxism after Marx" (Marxist tradition) is a kind of "inclusive" development result of German tradition and non-German tradition. This is a tradition of ideology from Hegel, Marx, through Mannheim to Habermas's "Romantic-situational-communicative Theory". Therefore, in the second chapter, according to McClellan's division of the history of ideological development, the main content of McClellan's ideology theory is divided into two parts to elaborate. That is to explore the ideological theory of Marx and Marxism and non-Marxism. On this basis, it expounds the main content and theoretical value of McClellan's ideology concept. McClellan's discussion on ideology also involves the experience and lessons of ideology development in socialist countries, and puts forward some constructive suggestions on the construction of ideology in China. Therefore, in the third chapter, according to the suggestions made by McClellan for the ideological construction of our country and the current situation of ideology development in our country, this paper will specifically discuss in the new period of history, How to deal with the difficulties in the process of constructing socialist ideology and what principles should be adhered to in the process of constructing ideology? On this basis, it will explain how our country will realize the innovation and development of ideology in the new period.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B036

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