叔本华非理性直观认识论研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 06:37

【摘要】：直观认识是从古至今一直探讨的哲学问题。它不仅涉及到知识的来源,认识的能力,认识的范围等问题,而且还关涉人与世界的关系、人类生存结构、自由等伦理问题。从哲学史的历史来看,直观认识问题的研究是从古希腊开始,到了叔本华才从非理性的角度作出了解释,把直观认识放到至高点,把理性当作非理性的奴仆。这使得改变了传统的哲学思维方式,形成了非理性流派。直观认识论是叔本华哲学思想的主线,自始至终贯穿于他的哲学思想当中。它是叔本华唯意志本体论的出发点,同时也是伦理思想形成的前提。叔本华首次公开反对理性,批判以理性为主的思想体系,揭露理性主义的缺陷。以此提出了直观认识论思想。本论文从认识论角度,寻找叔本华直观认识论的形成条件,试图展示贯穿于叔本华哲学思想中的直观认识论的基本内容、特点及其意义。第一部分简述叔本华生平事迹,理清他整个哲学思想发展过程,阐述其性格与生活经历对他哲学思想的影响。任何时代的哲学思想都是以当时的历史背景为基础,以前人的思想为源泉。因此,第二部分是以叔本华直观认识论形成的历史背景和理论来源为探索,阐述叔本华所处时代的特点及其直观认识论是如何形成发展的。第三部分,梳理了叔本华直观认识论基本思想。首先,说明了叔本华直观认识的对象就是表象、意志和理念,指出它们各自的特点和不同。其次,交代了依照对象的不同,叔本华的直观认识分为表象的直观、意志的直观、理念的直观。解释了直观认识如何认识对象,有什么样的结果。最后,归纳出叔本华直观认识论的整体性、直接性和主体和客体统一性等特征。叔本华直观认识论在西方哲学史上有着划时代的意义。他批判理性,宣扬非理性,形成了非理性流派,引起了轰动,但是过于重视非理性,有着把意志论放在绝对位置等不足之处,因此第四部分评述了叔本华直观认识论的意义及局限性。
[Abstract]:Intuitive understanding is a philosophical problem that has been discussed since ancient times. It involves not only the source of knowledge, the ability of knowledge, the scope of knowledge, but also the relationship between human beings and the world, the structure of human existence, the freedom and other ethical issues. From the history of philosophy, the study of intuitive cognition began in ancient Greece, and it was only in Schopenhauer that he explained it from the angle of irrationality, put intuitive cognition to the highest point, and regarded reason as the servant of irrationality. This has changed the traditional mode of philosophical thinking and formed an irrational school. Intuitive epistemology is the main line of Schopenhauer's philosophy thought, which runs through his philosophy thought from beginning to end. It is the starting point of Schopenhauer's will ontology and the premise of the formation of ethical thought. Schopenhauer, for the first time, openly opposes reason, criticizes the rational thought system and exposes the defects of rationalism. On this basis, it puts forward the idea of intuitive epistemology. This paper looks for the forming conditions of Schopenhauer's intuitive epistemology from the perspective of epistemology, and tries to show the basic content, characteristics and significance of intuitive epistemology which runs through Schopenhauer's philosophy. The first part briefly describes Schopenhauer's life story, clarifies his whole philosophical thought development process, and expounds the influence of his character and life experience on his philosophy thought. The philosophical thoughts of any era are based on the historical background of the time, and the former human thoughts as the source. Therefore, the second part is to explore the historical background and theoretical sources of the formation of Schopenhauer's intuitive epistemology, expounding the characteristics of Schopenhauer's era and how the intuitive epistemology is formed and developed. The third part, combs Schopenhauer intuitive epistemology basic thought. First of all, it explains that Schopenhauer's object of intuitionistic cognition is representation, will and idea, and points out their respective characteristics and differences. Secondly, according to the different objects, Schopenhauer's intuitionistic cognition is divided into visual representation, intuition of will and intuitionistic of idea. Explain the intuitive understanding of how to understand the object, what kind of results. Finally, the author summarizes the characteristics of Schopenhauer's intuitive epistemology, such as integrity, directness and unity of subject and object. Schopenhauer's intuitive epistemology has epoch-making significance in the history of western philosophy. He criticized reason, preached irrationality, formed an irrationality school, caused a sensation, but paid too much attention to irrationality and had some shortcomings, such as putting the volition in the absolute position. The fourth part comments on the significance and limitation of Schopenhauer's intuitive epistemology.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B516.41

【参考文献】