荀子人性论的历时性发展——论《修身》、《解蔽》、《不苟》的治心、养心说

发布时间：2018-10-21 18:44

【摘要】：荀子一生可分为居赵、游齐、退居兰陵三个阶段,其人性论思想也经历了一个发展变化的过程。而《荀子》各篇也是在不同时期完成的,记录的是荀子不同时期的看法。根据内容的不同,荀子讨论人性论的文字可分为四组,其中《修身》、《解蔽》、《不苟》为一组,它们虽不是完成于同一时期,但都是讨论养心、治心问题的,构成了荀子人性论的重要内容。其中《解蔽》提出"思仁",《不苟》提出"养心莫善于诚",皆受到思孟之学的影响,说明荀子后期自觉向思孟回归。但这种回归并非殊途同归,而是保持着高度的理论自觉的。荀子在吸收、借鉴思孟思想的同时,试图建构不同于思孟而更为完备的人性论,但这一工作并没有真正得以完成。尽管如此,荀子提出的理论问题仍应成为重新思考、检讨乃至重建儒家人性论时需要认真对待的重大课题。
[Abstract]:Xunzi's life can be divided into three stages: Zhao, you Qi, and retreat to Lanling, and his theory of human nature has also undergone a process of development and change. Xunzi is also completed in different periods, recording the views of Xunzi at different times. According to the difference in content, Xunzi's discussion on the theory of human nature can be divided into four groups, in which "self-cultivation", "uncovering" and "meticulous" are the same groups. Although they are not completed in the same period, they all discuss the issue of "nourishing the mind and governing the mind". It constitutes the important content of Xunzi's theory of human nature. "uncovering" and "nourishing the mind are not good at sincerity" are all influenced by the study of Simeng, which shows that Xunzi returned to Simeng consciously in his later period. But this kind of return is not the same way, but maintains a high degree of theoretical consciousness. Xunzi tried to construct a more complete theory of human nature which was different from that of Simeng while absorbing and drawing lessons from the thought of Simeon, but this work was not really completed. Nevertheless, the theoretical problems put forward by Xunzi should be a major issue to be taken seriously in the course of rethinking, reviewing and even reconstructing the Confucian theory of human nature.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学国学院、出土文献与中国古代文明研究协同创新中心;
【基金】：中国人民大学明德学者支持计划“新出土文献与早期儒学”(10XNJ028)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：B222.6

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