施密特《马克思的自然概念》哲学思想研究

发布时间：2018-11-09 20:13

【摘要】：阿尔弗雷德·施密特,作为法兰克福学派的代表人物,其思想充分体现了该学派的唯物主义批判特色,尤其是在《马克思的自然概念》这一著作中,施密特以独特的视角,大量的论证审视了马克思眼中的“自然”,并提出自己的思想见解。但国内外学者对施密特在书中提出的思想观点,还存在着较大的争议。因此,本文力图在现有的研究基础上,结合马克思的思想,对施密特《马克思的自然概念》中的哲学思想进行探究和评析,进而指出其思想给我们所带来的启示。本文首先论述了施密特《马克思的自然概念》的历史背景和理论来源,指出早期西方马克思主义自然观以及法兰克福学派的人化自然观为施密特的研究奠定了坚实的理论基础。其次,阐释了施密特《马克思的自然概念》的主要哲学思想,施密特批判了马克思之前的哲学家把自然概念形而上学化;指出马克思自然概念的非本体论性质;他认为马克思所说的自然是被社会实践所中介的,具有社会历史性的特征;施密特进而把马克思和恩格斯对立起来,批判了恩格斯的自然辩证法;他反对卢卡奇把马克思的自然概念完全解释为一个社会范畴,因此提出了自然和社会的双向中介;施密特认为马克思在人与自然的关系问题上的认识,具有很大的“乌托邦”色彩。再次,对施密特《马克思的自然概念》的哲学思想进行评析,施密特的思想在很大程度上是符合马克思原意的,特别是对马克思自然概念的社会历史性的认识。但其思想中也具有一定的局限性,施密特试图通过中介来论证马克思自然概念的非本体论性质,这一路径是值得怀疑的;施密特过分的强调自然对社会的中介作用,结果把马克思的自然概念重新建立到本体论性质上;施密特没能真正理解恩格斯的自然辩证法的实质,造成对恩格斯的误判;施密特没有意识到马克思对于人与自然关系的思考是有一定前提的,造成对马克思的误读。最后,本文阐述了施密特《马克思的自然概念》哲学思想的当代启示,不仅为我们研究马克思的自然观提供了独特的理论视角,而且对生态学马克思主义的研究以及对我国生态环境建设都具有重要的指导作用。
[Abstract]:Alfred Schmidt, as a representative figure of Frankfurt School, fully embodies the critical characteristics of materialism of this school, especially in the book "Marx's concept of Nature", Schmidt has a unique perspective. A great deal of argumentation examines the nature in Marx's eyes and puts forward his own ideas. However, scholars at home and abroad still have great controversy about Schmitt's ideas in his book. Therefore, this paper tries to explore and comment on the philosophical thoughts in Schmidt's Marx's concept of Nature on the basis of existing research and combined with Marx's thought, and then points out the enlightenment brought to us by his thought. This paper first discusses the historical background and theoretical source of Schmitt's "Marx's concept of Nature", and points out that the early Western Marxist natural view and the Frankfurt school's humanized natural view laid a solid theoretical foundation for Schmidt's research. Secondly, it explains the main philosophical ideas of Schmitt's Marx's concept of Nature, criticizes the metaphysics of the concept of Nature by the philosophers before Marx, and points out the non-ontology nature of Marx's concept of nature. He holds that the nature mentioned by Marx is mediated by social practice and has the historical characteristics of society, and Schmidt then opposites Marx and Engels and criticizes Engels' dialectics of nature. He opposed Lukacs' interpretation of Marx's concept of nature as a social category, so he proposed a two-way intermediary between nature and society. Schmidt believes that Marx's understanding of the relationship between man and nature has a great "utopia" color. Thirdly, to comment on Schmidt's philosophy of Marx's concept of Nature, Schmitt's thought accords with Marx's original intention to a great extent, especially the social historical understanding of Marx's concept of Nature. But there are some limitations in his thought. Schmidt tries to prove the non-ontology nature of Marx's concept of nature through intermediary. This path is doubtful. Schmidt put too much emphasis on the intermediary role of nature to society, resulting in the re-establishment of Marx's concept of nature on the nature of ontology, Schmidt did not really understand the essence of Engels' dialectics of nature, resulting in the wrong judgment of Engels; Schmidt did not realize that Marx's thinking about the relationship between man and nature had certain premise, which caused the misreading of Marx. Finally, this paper expounds the contemporary enlightenment of Schmidt's philosophy of Marx's concept of Nature, which not only provides a unique theoretical perspective for us to study Marx's view of nature. Moreover, the study of ecological Marxism and the construction of ecological environment play an important guiding role.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B089.1

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