关于先秦儒家欲观及其当代价值的研究
发布时间:2018-11-10 16:32
【摘要】:在先秦时期,孔子、孟子和荀子作为儒家学说的代表人,孔子的节欲观、孟子的寡欲观、荀子的养欲观,对欲的含义、特点和实现途径分别进行了阐述,提出了自己的观点和认识。孔子主张"欲而不求"的节欲观,欲不逾规,认为存在物质欲望是正常需求,但不能因为满足欲望而违反社会的道德底线。孟子认为欲乃人本,认为欲望为人之天性,是人类与生俱来的,但需要寡欲,在道德理性的支配之下,对追求实现欲望进行了更为严格的道德制约。荀子则认为欲不可去,以礼节欲,对欲观进行了更为全面的阐述,反对寡欲,但同时也认为利欲是无止境的,所以应当对利欲进行节制,特别是依据儒家的本质,提出用礼乐制度对欲进行管束,使欲望在得到满足的同时,也不违背当时的礼乐制度。虽然先秦时期的时代背景与当前完全不同,但孔子、孟子、荀子等儒家学者作为当时的代表人物,在对当时大的时代环境分析基础上,提出了自己的观点,主张社会发展和进步很大程度是因为人们对物质欲望的孜孜追求所引发的,同时对如何规范限制实现欲望提出了解决的方法。欲望是人类社会发展过程中不可或缺的一种人类天性,也是与生俱来的,它始终支配着人们的行动,是行动的力量源泉。先秦时期的儒家对欲观提出了自己的见解和看法,虽然当时时代背景与构建和谐社会的当代存在很大差别,但其对当今社会的发展及解决发展过程中出现的部分问题仍然是有借鉴意义的。通过分析儒家的欲观,不难看出,随着社会的快速发展,物质生活条件的飞跃式提升必然对社会公众内心思想带来极大的冲击。一是破坏了社会发展的固有平衡。为了满足自己的私欲,无休无止侵占掠夺有限的资源,恶意破坏生态环境,违背自然发展规律,打破了自然界的平衡。二是对公众个人健康发展产生负面影响。为了满足欲望,不顾道德和礼仪,追求生理上的刺激,对自身发展产生了危害。三是败坏了社会风气。内心固有的道德观念缺失,社会法治意识缺失,呈现出违法乱纪高发的势头,影响了整个社会的发展进步。这些问题看似是社会发展进程中不可避免的问题,但从根源上来看,膨胀的欲望成为了最大的祸首,这对构建和谐社会造成很大的影响。科学借鉴学习儒家欲观对解决当今社会思想发展中出现的问题,具有很强的现实价值。一是有利于和谐社会的发展进步。通过纵观孔子、孟子、荀子三者欲观,要将个人的欲置于整个发展大局中,脱离单纯追求单个个体欲望的狭隘观念,特别是在环境保护、资源开发等工作中,将个体自己的需求与长远发展相结合,实现整个社会的进步。二是有利于公众个体内心的健康发展。有欲望才有追求,才有动力,但要防止过分之欲、不正之欲、各种"贪欲"。要学习借鉴孟子的侧隐之心、羞恶之心、恭敬之心、是非之心,反躬自省,堂堂正正做人,才能"仰不愧于天,俯不作于人"(《孟子·尽心上》),光明磊落,问心无愧,坦坦荡荡。三是有利于推进党风廉政建设和反腐败工作。要学习先秦儒家"欲不逾道"的精神,用党纪国法筑起一道坚固的大堤,用道德和理智铸就一道强大的闸门,既不使欲望的洪水泛滥成灾,又要让正当的象征生命活力的欲望之水在有效节制中涓涓长流。
[Abstract]:In the period of the pre-Qin period, Confucius, Mencius and Confucius, as the representative of the Confucian doctrine, Confucius's view of node-to-view, Mencius' idea of oligonality, the view of the culture and the desire, the meaning, the characteristics and the way of realizing it, respectively, put forward their own views and understandings. Confucius claims that the desire and the unsought-for-purpose view, to not exceed the rule, believes that the existence of material desire is the normal demand, but can't violate the moral bottom line of the society because of satisfying the desire. Mencius believes that the desire to be a person is the nature of the human being, it is the nature of the human being, but it needs to be indecisive, under the control of the moral reason, the pursuit of the desire to achieve the more strict moral restriction. In view of the nature of the Confucian, it is necessary to control the desire, especially on the basis of the nature of the Confucian. To make the desire to be satisfied, and not to violate the system of the time of the day. Although the background of the pre-Qin period is completely different from the present, the Confucian scholars, such as Confucius, Mencius, and Confucius, have made their own views on the basis of the analysis of the time environment of the time. The great extent of social development and progress is that people's pursuit of material desires is caused by the pursuit of material desire, and a solution to how to regulate the realization of the desire is also put forward. Desire is an indispensable human nature in the process of human social development. It is also born. It always governs people's actions and is the source of power of action. In the pre-Qin period, the Confucianists put forward their own views and views, although the time background and the contemporary existence of the harmonious society are very different, but it is still a reference for the development of the present society and some of the problems in the process of solving the development. Through the analysis of the Confucian view, it is not easy to see that with the rapid development of society, the leap of material living conditions will have a great impact on the inner thoughts of the public. One is the inherent balance of social development. In order to satisfy the self-interest, the non-stop and encroaching on the limited resources, the malicious destruction of the ecological environment and the violation of the natural development law, the balance of the nature is broken. The second is to have a negative impact on the public's personal health. In order to satisfy the desire, regardless of the morality and the etiquette, pursue the physical stimulation, have the harm to the development of itself. The third is to discredit the social culture. The lack of the inherent moral concept, the lack of the consciousness of the rule of law and the high incidence of lawlessness have affected the development and progress of the society as a whole. These problems appear to be an inevitable problem in the process of social development, but on the root of the source, the desire to expand has become the biggest problem, which has a great impact on the construction of a harmonious society. It is of great practical value to learn from the view of the Confucian desire to solve the problems in the development of today's society. One is the progress of the development of the harmonious society. Through a general survey of Confucius, Mencius, and the view of the three, it is necessary to put the individual's desire in the overall development situation, to be separated from the narrow concept of the single individual's desire, especially in the work of environmental protection, resource development and so on, to combine the individual's own needs with the long-term development, and the progress of the whole society can be realized. 2. It is beneficial to the healthy development of the people in the public. If there is a desire to pursue it, there is power, but to prevent the excessive desire, the desire of the evil, and the various "greed". To learn from the heart of the side of Mencius, to learn from the heart of the side of Mencius, to be ashamed, to respect the heart, on the merits, to bow to the province, to be a human being, to "I'm not ashamed of it. I'm not a man." (), to be fair and clear, to ask the heart, and to be empty. III. It is conducive to the promotion of the construction of the Party's anti-corruption and anti-corruption work. In order to study the spirit of the pre-Qin Confucian "to not exceed the road", build a strong dike with the party discipline method, and cast a strong gate with morality and reason, not only to flood the flood of the desire, but also to let the legitimate water of the desire of the life vitality trickle down in the effective control.
【学位授予单位】:延边大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:B222
本文编号:2322967
[Abstract]:In the period of the pre-Qin period, Confucius, Mencius and Confucius, as the representative of the Confucian doctrine, Confucius's view of node-to-view, Mencius' idea of oligonality, the view of the culture and the desire, the meaning, the characteristics and the way of realizing it, respectively, put forward their own views and understandings. Confucius claims that the desire and the unsought-for-purpose view, to not exceed the rule, believes that the existence of material desire is the normal demand, but can't violate the moral bottom line of the society because of satisfying the desire. Mencius believes that the desire to be a person is the nature of the human being, it is the nature of the human being, but it needs to be indecisive, under the control of the moral reason, the pursuit of the desire to achieve the more strict moral restriction. In view of the nature of the Confucian, it is necessary to control the desire, especially on the basis of the nature of the Confucian. To make the desire to be satisfied, and not to violate the system of the time of the day. Although the background of the pre-Qin period is completely different from the present, the Confucian scholars, such as Confucius, Mencius, and Confucius, have made their own views on the basis of the analysis of the time environment of the time. The great extent of social development and progress is that people's pursuit of material desires is caused by the pursuit of material desire, and a solution to how to regulate the realization of the desire is also put forward. Desire is an indispensable human nature in the process of human social development. It is also born. It always governs people's actions and is the source of power of action. In the pre-Qin period, the Confucianists put forward their own views and views, although the time background and the contemporary existence of the harmonious society are very different, but it is still a reference for the development of the present society and some of the problems in the process of solving the development. Through the analysis of the Confucian view, it is not easy to see that with the rapid development of society, the leap of material living conditions will have a great impact on the inner thoughts of the public. One is the inherent balance of social development. In order to satisfy the self-interest, the non-stop and encroaching on the limited resources, the malicious destruction of the ecological environment and the violation of the natural development law, the balance of the nature is broken. The second is to have a negative impact on the public's personal health. In order to satisfy the desire, regardless of the morality and the etiquette, pursue the physical stimulation, have the harm to the development of itself. The third is to discredit the social culture. The lack of the inherent moral concept, the lack of the consciousness of the rule of law and the high incidence of lawlessness have affected the development and progress of the society as a whole. These problems appear to be an inevitable problem in the process of social development, but on the root of the source, the desire to expand has become the biggest problem, which has a great impact on the construction of a harmonious society. It is of great practical value to learn from the view of the Confucian desire to solve the problems in the development of today's society. One is the progress of the development of the harmonious society. Through a general survey of Confucius, Mencius, and the view of the three, it is necessary to put the individual's desire in the overall development situation, to be separated from the narrow concept of the single individual's desire, especially in the work of environmental protection, resource development and so on, to combine the individual's own needs with the long-term development, and the progress of the whole society can be realized. 2. It is beneficial to the healthy development of the people in the public. If there is a desire to pursue it, there is power, but to prevent the excessive desire, the desire of the evil, and the various "greed". To learn from the heart of the side of Mencius, to learn from the heart of the side of Mencius, to be ashamed, to respect the heart, on the merits, to bow to the province, to be a human being, to "I'm not ashamed of it. I'm not a man." (
【学位授予单位】:延边大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:B222
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