亚里士多德幸福观及其当代启示
发布时间：2018-11-15 09:18
【摘要】：幸福一直以来是个永恒的话题。古往今来,人人渴望幸福,寻找幸福,对幸福的追求也从未停止过。改革开放30多年来,当代中国人在享受经济持续稳步增长,生活水平显著提高,工作生活高效便捷的同时,却依然感觉不幸福。“有发展无幸福”也成为当代中国面临的民生问题。人们越来越意识到生活的幸福并不仅仅与物质生活是否优渥有关。那么,幸福的内涵是什么?幸福实现的条件有哪些?实现幸福的过程中人们需要遵循哪些原则呢?人们又应该怎样做才能构建科学的幸福观呢?这一系列问题在当代中国亟待获得解答。对幸福观的研究可以追溯到古希腊时期。而在古希腊时期,亚里士多德当之无愧是对幸福观论述最为深刻和系统全面的哲学家、伦理学家。他对梭伦、柏拉图和苏格拉底等人的幸福观既加以批驳,又继承其精华推陈出新,构建了更为科学、圆融、客观的幸福观,形成了一个范围广阔、研究深入、思路清晰、逻辑严密的幸福观理论体系,领越幸福观研究的理论巅峰。他的伦理思想体系源于对“幸福”的追问,最终又以“幸福”为落脚点。他将幸福定义为一种灵魂合乎完满德性的现实活动,是一种最高的善。合乎德性的现实活动方可谓幸福的主导,幸福在于一生不断地行善,又需遵循公正、中道、友爱等原则,还要以适当的外在善为补充条件。在所有人的业绩中,哪怕是丰功伟绩也不能与合乎德性的现实活动进行比较。因而,人们想要实现幸福,必须培养自身优秀、高尚、卓越的德性,充分运用德性指导现实中的实践活动。在当今社会,人们很有必要重新审视亚里士多德的幸福观,从而获得有益的借鉴和启示,为人们在追求幸福的道路上提供科学的参考。本论文主要分为五部分,第一部分为引言部分:主要介绍了国内外研究现状以及研究的意义。第二部分分析了亚里士多德幸福观依托的时代背景与思想渊源,以透过真实的社会图景考察亚里士多德幸福观的生成。时代背景主要通过解析亚里士多德坎坷曲折的生平和他所处的古希腊特有的城邦社会这一社会大背景来进行阐述,同时通过解读梭伦、苏格拉底、柏拉图等人的幸福思想明确了亚里士多德幸福观形成的思想渊源。第三部分从幸福的内涵、幸福实现的条件、幸福实现的原则阐释了亚里士多德幸福观的主要内容。第四部分品鉴评价了亚里士多德的幸福观,首先从整体上把握了幸福观在亚里士多德伦理思想中的地位,之后肯定了亚里士多德幸福观的价值并指出其缺陷,劝导人们要以公正客观的态度去审视亚里士多德的幸福观,正确认识其价值与缺陷,从而挖掘其借鉴价值,以获得对今人更多的有益启示。第五部分为结语部分。
[Abstract]:Happiness has always been an eternal topic. Throughout the ages, everyone yearned for happiness, looking for happiness, and the pursuit of happiness never stopped. Since the reform and opening up more than 30 years ago, the Chinese people still feel unhappy while enjoying the steady growth of economy, the remarkable improvement of living standard and the high efficiency and convenience of working and living. "there is no happiness in development" has also become a livelihood issue facing contemporary China. There is a growing awareness that the happiness of life is not only related to the well-being of material life. So, what is the meaning of happiness? What are the conditions for happiness? What principles do people have to follow in the process of achieving happiness? What should people do to build a scientific concept of happiness? This series of questions needs to be solved urgently in contemporary China. The study of happiness can be traced back to ancient Greece. In ancient Greece, Aristotle was the most profound and systematic philosopher and ethicist on happiness. He criticized Solon, Plato and Socrates on the concept of happiness, but also inherited its essence to bring forth new ideas, and constructed a more scientific, mellow and objective concept of happiness, forming a broad range of research, in-depth research, and clear ideas. The logical rigorous theory system of happiness view leads to the theoretical peak of the research on the concept of happiness. His ethical thought system originated from the question of "happiness", and finally took "happiness" as the foothold. He defined happiness as a practical activity of the soul in conformity with virtue, and it was the highest good. The realistic activity that accords with virtue is the leading of happiness. Happiness lies in doing good all the time, following the principles of justice, middle way and fraternity, and taking proper external good as supplementary condition. In the performance of everyone, even great achievements can not be compared with realistic activities of virtue. Therefore, if people want to realize happiness, they must cultivate their own excellent, noble and outstanding virtue, and make full use of virtue to guide practical activities in reality. In today's society, it is necessary to re-examine Aristotle's concept of happiness, so as to obtain useful reference and enlightenment, and provide scientific reference for people in the pursuit of happiness. This paper is divided into five parts, the first part is the introduction part: mainly introduces the domestic and foreign research status and the significance of the research. The second part analyzes the historical background and ideological origin of Aristotle's concept of happiness, in order to examine the formation of Aristotle's view of happiness through the real social picture. The background of the times is mainly explained by the analysis of Aristotle's bumpy life and his unique city-state society in ancient Greece, and the interpretation of Solon and Socrates. Plato's thought of happiness clarifies the origin of Aristotle's conception of happiness. The third part explains the main content of Aristotle's view of happiness from the connotation of happiness, the condition of happiness realization and the principle of happiness realization. The fourth part evaluates Aristotle's conception of happiness, first grasps the position of the concept of happiness in Aristotle's ethical thought, then affirms the value of Aristotle's view of happiness and points out its defects. To persuade people to examine Aristotle's concept of happiness in a fair and objective manner, to correctly understand its value and defects, and to excavate its reference value, in order to obtain more beneficial enlightenment to people today. The fifth part is the conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B502.233
本文编号：2332880
[Abstract]:Happiness has always been an eternal topic. Throughout the ages, everyone yearned for happiness, looking for happiness, and the pursuit of happiness never stopped. Since the reform and opening up more than 30 years ago, the Chinese people still feel unhappy while enjoying the steady growth of economy, the remarkable improvement of living standard and the high efficiency and convenience of working and living. "there is no happiness in development" has also become a livelihood issue facing contemporary China. There is a growing awareness that the happiness of life is not only related to the well-being of material life. So, what is the meaning of happiness? What are the conditions for happiness? What principles do people have to follow in the process of achieving happiness? What should people do to build a scientific concept of happiness? This series of questions needs to be solved urgently in contemporary China. The study of happiness can be traced back to ancient Greece. In ancient Greece, Aristotle was the most profound and systematic philosopher and ethicist on happiness. He criticized Solon, Plato and Socrates on the concept of happiness, but also inherited its essence to bring forth new ideas, and constructed a more scientific, mellow and objective concept of happiness, forming a broad range of research, in-depth research, and clear ideas. The logical rigorous theory system of happiness view leads to the theoretical peak of the research on the concept of happiness. His ethical thought system originated from the question of "happiness", and finally took "happiness" as the foothold. He defined happiness as a practical activity of the soul in conformity with virtue, and it was the highest good. The realistic activity that accords with virtue is the leading of happiness. Happiness lies in doing good all the time, following the principles of justice, middle way and fraternity, and taking proper external good as supplementary condition. In the performance of everyone, even great achievements can not be compared with realistic activities of virtue. Therefore, if people want to realize happiness, they must cultivate their own excellent, noble and outstanding virtue, and make full use of virtue to guide practical activities in reality. In today's society, it is necessary to re-examine Aristotle's concept of happiness, so as to obtain useful reference and enlightenment, and provide scientific reference for people in the pursuit of happiness. This paper is divided into five parts, the first part is the introduction part: mainly introduces the domestic and foreign research status and the significance of the research. The second part analyzes the historical background and ideological origin of Aristotle's concept of happiness, in order to examine the formation of Aristotle's view of happiness through the real social picture. The background of the times is mainly explained by the analysis of Aristotle's bumpy life and his unique city-state society in ancient Greece, and the interpretation of Solon and Socrates. Plato's thought of happiness clarifies the origin of Aristotle's conception of happiness. The third part explains the main content of Aristotle's view of happiness from the connotation of happiness, the condition of happiness realization and the principle of happiness realization. The fourth part evaluates Aristotle's conception of happiness, first grasps the position of the concept of happiness in Aristotle's ethical thought, then affirms the value of Aristotle's view of happiness and points out its defects. To persuade people to examine Aristotle's concept of happiness in a fair and objective manner, to correctly understand its value and defects, and to excavate its reference value, in order to obtain more beneficial enlightenment to people today. The fifth part is the conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B502.233
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